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▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
在英语中不定式最常用于质词"to"之后, 例如在 "to walk", "to cry", "to eat", "to fear".这种用法叫做to-infinitive。莎士比亚在著作哈姆雷特的独白时就大量采用了这类不定式动词。
To be or not to be ...
To sleep, perchance to dream ...
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
经常跟在to后形成不定式的动词包括:
例如:
I arranged to stay the night. ("我已安定好今晚留在这里。")
We intend to go skiing this weekend. ("我们打算这个周末去滑雪。")
I swear to honour you. ("我发誓为你增光。")
He sought to notify them of this new occurrence.
这些有宾词,然后加上有to的不定式的动词包括 (连同以上带有星号的动词): advise, allow, challenge, command, compel, condemn, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, help, induce, inspire, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, program, remind, teach, tell, train, urge, warn.
有些动词之后加 for + 宾词 + to-然后不定式. 通常这些动词包含渴望的意思,不能单单在后面加上宾词和不定式 (though an infinitive alone may work). 这些动词包括 apply, arrange, ask, call, clamour, long, opt, plead, press, vote, wait, wish, yearn.
例如:
I have arranged for the neighbour to water the plants. (“我已安排好邻居给植物给水。”)
I pleaded for him to accompany me to the theatre. (“我恳求他陪我去看戏。”)
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
在情态动词及助动词后的不定式不带to.例如:
I can do it myself.我自己干得了.
Will you please close the window
请你关上窗户,好吗
He didn’t go home last night.昨晚,他没有回家.
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
在see,watch,notice,look at,listen to,hear,feel等感官动词的后面作宾语补足语时.例如:
Did you see him come out of the hotel just now你刚才看见他从旅馆出来了吗
I heard her lock the door.我听见她锁了门.
但是,上述情况只是出现在主动句中,在被动句中必须带上to.例如:
He was noticed to enter the office.有人看见他进了办公室.
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
在 make,let,have等使役动词之后作宾语补足语时.例如:
She lets us meet her at the bus station.她要我们去汽车车站接她.
Don’t make the students do so much homework..别让学生做那么多的作业.
与感官动词一样,在被动句中的使役动词必须和带to的不定式连用.例如:
I was made to try it again.有人要我再试一次.
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
在help后作宾语补足语用的不定式前的小品词to,可带,也可不带.例如:
She helped her mother(to)clean the house yesterday afternoon.昨天下午,她帮助她母亲打扫屋子.
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
had better后的不定式符号to要省略.例如:
We had better start now.我们最好立即动身.
You had better not talk in class.你最好别在课堂上说话.
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
would rather/sooner,rather/sooner than 后的不定式符号to要省略.例如:
We would rather/sooner stay at home.我们宁可呆在家里.
He prefers to drink some water rather/sooner than drink a coffee.他宁可喝些水,也不愿喝一杯咖啡.
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
“Why not ”结构中,紧随其后的动词不定式不带to.例如:
Why not ask the man over there
为什么不那边的这个人
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
当两个或两个以上的不定式连在一起时,只须在第一个不定式前加to,后面的不定式通常省略to.例如:
I want you to stand beside me and hold the stick.我想要你站在我身边扶住这根棍子.
He told me to finish my homework and(to)hand it in.他告诉我完成作业并把它交上去.
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式
but 和 except跟在“do + anything/nothing/everything”后面时,通常与不带to的不定式连用.例如:
I could do nothing but lie down.我别无选择,只能躺下.
My pet dog does everything except speak.我的宠物狗除了不能说话以外,什么事都会做.
▲高考英语语法必考知识点:"To"-不定式的省略
1) 情态动词 ( 除ought 外,ought to):
2) 使役动词 let, have, make:
3) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。
注意:在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4) would rather,had better:
5) Why… / why not…:
6) help 可带to,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:
7) but和except:but前是动词do时,后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去:
9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后,可以省去to be:
He is supposed (to be) nice.他应该是个好人。
举例:
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.
比较: He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例题
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change
A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
答案:D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式,因此选D。
2) Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案:B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式,当其用于被动时,to 不可省略。
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的完成进行式
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的完成式
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的被动式
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的进行式
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