在日常的学习、工作、生活中，肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢？有哪些格式需要注意呢？接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写，我们一起来看一看吧。
中山陵的作文500字 中山陵作文800字篇一
说起中山陵，当然要提到它的主人—伟大的中国民主革命先行者孙中山先生。孙先生本名孙文，字逸仙。外国友人都称呼他为“孙逸仙博士”。因为他在日本从事革命活动时曾用过“中山樵”的化名，所以他在国内被尊称为孙中山先生。孙中山1866年11月12日出生于广东香山县(今中山市)翠亨村的一个农民家庭。他少有大志，先后求学于檀香山、香港等地，毕业后在广州、澳门等地行医。后来他弃医从政，并于1920xx年在日本组织中国同盟会，被推举为总理，提出了“驱除鞑虏，恢复中华，建立民国，平均地权”的著名纲领，及“民族、民权、民生”的三民主义学说。1920xx年10月10日武昌起义爆发后，孙先生被十七省代表推举为临时大总统，并于次年元旦在南京宣誓就职。此后，经历了“袁世凯窃国”、“二次革命”、“护国运动”和“运动”等风风雨雨，1920xx年他在广州就任非常大总统。在1920xx年1月广州召开的中国国民党第一次全国代表大会上，他将旧三民主义发展为新三民主义，提出了“联俄联共扶助农工”的三大政策。同年11月他应冯玉祥之邀抱病北上讨论国家大计，终因积劳成疾，于1920xx年3月12日在北京逝世。
中山陵的墓址是孙先生生前选定的。这里视野开阔，气象雄伟，的确是建造陵墓的好地方。你们也许会问：孙先生出生于广东，逝世在北京，毕生为革命奔波于各地，为什么要选择南京作为自己的长眠之地呢?据说，早在1920xx年孙先生就任临时大总统时，灵谷寺的住持和尚就曾向他推荐过这块“前临平川，后拥青嶂”的风水宝地。当年3月31日，中山先生为求南北和平统一，毅然辞去总统之职，4月初的一天，他与胡汉民等人到明孝陵一带打猎，来到现陵墓所在地休息。孙先生环顾四周，对左右说，我将来死后，想向国民求得这块土地以安葬(待我他日辞世后，愿向国民乞一抔土以安置躯壳尔)。当然，紫金山的气势风水还不是孙先生作此决定的根本原因。孙先生临终前嘱咐：“吾死之后，可葬于南京紫金山麓，因南京为临时政府成立之地，所以不忘辛亥革命也。”因此，尽管孙先生在南京停留时间并不长，但南京对于孙先生是具有特殊意义的。他选择南京紫金山为墓址，从根本上说，是为了纪念辛亥革命，激励革命同仁。
为尊重孙先生的遗愿，由孙夫人宋庆龄、孙科等人组成的孙中山葬事筹备处实地察看，选好陵址，划地20xx亩修墓，又登报悬奖，征集陵墓设计方案。在众多应征者中，青年建筑师吕彦直设计的钟形图案被一致评为首奖，他本人也被聘主持全部工程。1920xx年3月12日孙先生逝世一周年之际，举行了奠基典礼。历时3年多，耗资150万银元，中山陵终于在1920xx年春竣工。令人惋惜的是，留学美国、才华横溢的青年建筑师吕彦直在主持建陵过程中，呕心沥血，鞠躬尽瘁，不幸与孙先生一样身患肝癌，在工程临近尾声时病逝，年仅35岁。1920xx年6月1日举行奉安大典，孙先生的遗体从北京运到南京。从此60余年，孙先生一直长眠在这里。
中山陵的建造可以说是南京城建设史上的一件大事。当年为了迎接孙先生灵柩，南京修筑了第一条柏油马路—西起中山码头，东至中山门，长达24里的中山路。直到今天，中山路依然是南京最主要的交通干道之一。同时改造翻修了明代城门朝阳门，并改名为中山门。在中山门到中山陵之间还修筑了一条陵园路。如同巴黎人以香榭里舍大道为骄傲，纽约人为第五大街而自豪一样，南京人对自己城市美丽的林荫大道最是得意。而这条长达3公里的陵园路无疑正是南京林荫道的最佳代表。在这条“绿荫长廊”两侧，种植着南京最主要的行道树——梧桐。人们习惯上称它为法国梧桐，但追根溯源起来，它可是我们中国的“土特产”，只因当年法国人将它从云南移植到上海法租界，才得了现在这么一个土洋结合的名字。
车出中山门，沿陵园路行驶，终点便是中山陵前的半月形广场。大家请，朝南看，广场正南是一座八角形石台。台上那尊双耳三足的紫铜宝鼎，重5000公斤，高4.25米，腹径1.23米，是中山陵纪念性装饰之一。此鼎铸于1933年秋，由广州中山大学全体师生和戴季陶捐赠。鼎一面铸有“智、仁、勇”三个字，是中山大学校训。鼎内竖有一块六角形铜牌，上刻戴母手书《孝经》全文。
由广场踏阶而上，迎面是一座四楹三阙门的冲天式石牌坊。这座牌坊建于1931～1933年，高12米，宽17.3米。建坊用的都是大块福建花岗岩，但采用的却是中国传统木结构形式。大家抬头可以望见坊额正中金光闪闪的“博爱”两字。这两个字是孙先生的手迹，原出自唐韩愈《原道》“博爱之为仁”一语，据说孙先生生前最爱题这两宇送人。孙先生毕生以伟大的博爱精神致力于资产阶级民主革命，为民族的独立自由奋斗不息，可以说“博爱”二字正是对他一生的高度概括和最好写照。
由博爱坊向前走，是一段长480米，宽数十米的墓道。中山陵的整体设计，突出中国的传统风格，庄严肃穆，独具特色。为了体现孙先生的崇高伟大，中山陵沿用了古代依山为陵的惯例，将墓室筑于海拔约160米的全陵最高处。此外，整个陵区的建筑植被讲求中轴对称，更给。人以法度庄严之感。请大家向前看，朝北顺坡而上，依次有陵门、碑亭、祭堂和祭堂后的墓室等建筑。而墓道两边的这些雪松、桧柏、银杏、红枫两两相对，代替了古代惯用的石人石兽，象征着孙先生的革命精神和高尚品质。雪松是世界四大观赏树种之一，现已成为南京市的市树。墓道尽头是平台。根据吕彦直的设计，整个陵墓平面为“木铎”形。铎，就是平常我们说的大铃铛。在古代它是用来宣布政教法令和战争令的。铎的声音宏亮，而且传得很远，有“使天下皆达道”的喻义。陵墓选用这样一个图式，让人不禁想起孙先生“革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力”的名言，其用意也正在警示后人。这里的平台广场就是当年吕彦直设计的“自由之钟”的下缘。这座宏伟的三拱门，是陵区的正式开端。它高16米，宽27米，进深8.8米，也是用福建花岗岩筑成的。中门横额上是孙中山手书“天下为公”，出自《礼记.礼运》中的“大道之行也，天下为公”，意思是说国家不是哪一家的天下，而是天下人的天下，老百姓的天下。这是孙先生毕生奋斗的理想，也是他所倡导的三民主义的极好注解。
过了陵门便是碑亭。亭正中这块9米高的巨碑上，刻有国民党元老谭延闿手书的“中国国民党葬总理孙先生于此十八年六月一日”24个镏金颜体大字。当初讨论立碑时，计划由汪精卫、胡汉民等人分别撰写铭文、墓志铭等。可花了两年时间也没写出来。大家都认为先生的思想功绩是文字所无法概括的，于是索性不写铭文，改用现在的形式。
出碑亭，迎面石阶层层叠叠。南京人常说中山陵的台阶像是卢沟桥的石狮子——数不清。所以来这儿游览的客人常常要问：中山陵究竟有多少级台阶呢?
各位朋友，大家不妨也来数数看，怎么样?
来到临近顶端的平台，可以看见一对大铜鼎，上刻“奉安大典”字样，是当时上海市政府捐赠的。大家仔细看，会发现在左边那个鼎下面有两个洞。为什么会这样呢?原来这是1937年末日军攻占南京时向中山陵炮击造成的，这两个洞就是当时留下的弹洞。如今虽时过境迁，但这两个弹洞仍时时提醒我们莫忘国耻。距此不远的前方还有一对仿古青铜鼎，那是.由孙先生的儿子孙科一家敬赠的。
拾级而上，终于登上顶台。由此既可鸟瞰，更宜远眺。置身此间，背倚巍巍钟山，耳听阵阵松涛，更觉伟人的浩然正气与大自然同存。祭堂处在钟山半山腰，从博爱坊到祭堂总共有392级台阶，高差约70米，平面距离700米。如从碑亭数起则有290级台阶。建筑师为避单调，将这392级台阶分作10段，每段1个平台，总计有大小10个平台。更妙的是，从下向上看时一望到顶，石阶连绵不断，不见平台;而各位现在朝下看时，却反而不见台阶，只见平台了。这392级的数字并非巧合，而是暗喻了当时全中国三亿九干二百万同胞。一路登行，“高山仰止，景行行止”，对中山先生敬仰之情不禁油然而生。
现在大家面对的就是祭堂和墓室，这是陵墓的主体部分。当年吕彦直督建至此，就因身患绝症而逝，常令后人发出“出师未捷身先死”之叹。祭堂是仿木结构宫殿式建筑，长30米，阔25米，高29米，四周有堡垒式的小建筑物，并有两座高12.6米的华表拱卫。祭堂屋顶为重檐九脊，上覆蓝色琉璃瓦，外墙全用香港花岗岩砌成。祭堂门额上有“民族”、“民生”、“民权”阳文篆字，这是孙先生从事革命活动最基本最概括的指导思想。居中的“民生”门楣上端，又有孙中山手书的“天地正气”四字直额。
请各位跟我进入祭堂。祭堂内部以云南产白黑色大理石铺地。堂内有直径0.8米的黑色石柱12根，四周墙壁下嵌黑色大理石。大家可以看见东西两壁上所刻的孙中山手书《建国大纲》全文。整个祭堂以黑白蓝色为基调，均为中国传统孝色。而镶嵌彩色玻璃的内窗，在阳光照射下却显出另一番西洋风味。如此中西合壁的风格，正与孙先生融贯中西的精神气度相契合。祭堂正中是孙中山着长袍马褂的石刻全身坐像，像高4.6米，底座阔2.1米。这座雕像是当时世界著名的法籍波兰雕刻家保罗.阿林斯基受孙中山葬事委员会之托，用意大利白石雕刻而成，并于1930年从巴黎运至中山陵的，全部造价150万法郎。坐像下四面的6幅浮雕是截取了孙先生从事革命活动的六个片断。它们分别是“如抱赤子”、“出国宣传”、“商讨革命”、“国会授印”、“振聋发聩”和“讨袁护国”。经过祭堂来到墓室。墓门分两道，第一道是两扇美国产的紫铜保险门，门上的门钉和铜环上的神兽(椒图)极富中国传统特色，门楣上刻“浩气长存”横额，取孙中山为黄花岗烈土墓所书手迹。第二道门为独扇铜门，上刻张静江所写“孙中山先生之墓”七个篆字。
墓室是半球形封闭建筑，顶呈西式穹隆状，以马赛克镶成国民党党徽图案。室内圆形，铺以大理石，直径约18米，高11米，四壁以淡红色大理石贴面。正中的圆形大理石圹，直径4.33米，深1.7米，四周围是1米高的白色大理石栏杆。圹内墓穴上安放着孙先生穿中山装的大理石卧像，这是捷克雕塑家高琪按孙先生的遗体形象所作。孙先生的紫铜棺就安放在卧像下5米左右处。为什么祭堂内的坐像身着长袍马褂，而这里却改穿中山装了呢?原来当年国民党内左右两派矛盾尖锐，以蒋介石为首的右派主张塑像穿长袍马褂;而左派则主张穿中山装。两派意见不合，结果各搞各的，就出现了上述情况。
各位朋友，孙先生的遗体究竟是否还在中山陵，这是每一位来这里的游客最关心的问题。事实上，自孙先生逝世后，他的遗体的确是历经磨难。1920xx年3月12日孙先生逝世时，他的遗体经过防腐处理，暂时被安置在北京香山碧云寺。1920xx年，被北伐军打败逃到北京的军阀张宗昌，把失败的原因归咎为孙先生的遗体压住了他的风水。于是他打算要焚化遗体。后经爱国将领张学良派兵保护，遗体才得以保存，但已受到空气侵蚀。1920xx年5月28日灵柩由津浦铁路从北京运抵浦口，6月1日运达中山陵。奉安大典仪式完毕后，即用水泥将灵柩浇入圹中。墓穴用花岗岩垫底，四周建隔墙，紫铜棺下有一特制楠木垫，棺上有一层密封着的水晶透明板。当年公祭时，站在石圹边，扶栏即可瞻仰中山先生遗容。抗战爆发后，国民党政府曾准备将遗体运往重庆;解放战争后期，蒋介石又曾想将遗体迁往中国台湾，但由于爆破墓穴势必会损坏遗体，因而受到工程界爱国人士和国民党左派的极力劝阻，终于使遗体得以安然保存至今。
沿祭堂外广场两侧后壁有一道门，通向墓堡公园。中为墓室宝顶，呈覆钟形。墓堡后墙设有“中山陵建设史料展”，近200幅珍贵历史资料展现了中山陵的建设和中山先生的遗体奉安全过程。
除了陵墓主体建筑外，中山陵周围还有一些纪念性建筑设施，包括藏经楼、音乐台、光化亭、行健亭、仰止亭、流徽榭等等。它们大多是1920xx年奉安大典后，各界人士和海外侨胞友人捐款修建而成。另外，位于梅花山顶的博爱阁，是一位台湾同胞捐资兴建的，于1993年11月12日孙先生诞辰127周年时落成。
各位朋友，孙中山先生一生为革命奋斗，推翻了两千多年的封建帝制，晚年又采取联俄联共扶助农工三大政策，建立了伟大的功勋，也赢得了中外进步人士的广泛拥戴和颂扬。解放后，中山陵受到国家高度重视，1961年被国务院公布为国家级文物保护单位。
如今，作为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一的中山陵，每年接待着来自世界各地的无数炎黄子孙与国际友人。人们怀着对中山先生伟大精神的崇敬与景仰来到这里凭吊拜谒。在两岸统一成为大势所趋、人心所向的今天，面对目前海峡两岸的现状，海内外炎黄子孙都衷心期盼着祖国统一、繁荣昌盛的那一天早日到来。彼时彼刻，倘若孙中山先生泉下有知，必会含笑长眠的。谢谢大家!
中山陵的作文500字 中山陵作文800字篇二
dear tourists
hello everyone! i'm prince yang, guide of new century travel e to visit zhongshan mausoleum with me.
zhongshan mausoleum is located in nanjing, the famous ancient capital ofchina. in the long history of china, 10 dynasties and regimes have establishedtheir capitals here. many famous people are sleeping here. the mausoleum of sunzhongshan, the great revolutionary pioneer, is located at the southern foot ofzhongshan mountain in the eastern suburb of nanjing. zhongshan is the highestpeak of ningzhen mountain range, about 460 meters above sea level, east-westtrend, about 7 kilometers long, north-south width of about 3 kilometers. forthousands of years, various social activities have been carried out here, andmany gardens, dizhai, temples, pagodas, altars and mausoleums have been built,leaving countless historical facts and moving legends.
on march 12, 1925, sun yat sen died of liver cancer in beijing. on hisdeathbed, he repeatedly said that he would like his body to be preserved likehis friend lenin and buried in nanjing zijin mountain. according to his will,the central executive committee of the kuomintang unanimously decided to build amausoleum in nanjing zijin mountain. the design of the mausoleum was selectedthrough competition and adopted the method of sealed evaluation. finally, thedesign of the mausoleum was evaluated the first prize is a bell pattern designedby chinese designer lv yanchang. the bell has the meaning of "warning" and"freedom". it symbolizes the significance and contribution of sun yat sen inleading the chinese revolution. at the same time, it is consistent withzhongshan, where the mausoleum is located. in the specific design, it adopts acombination of chinese and western techniques, draws on the experience ofchinese ancient traditional architecture, and adopts the general design methodof central axis symmetry the plane layout, the architectural appearance ofnational form, the simple tone, the simple decoration and the large areagreening and other methods well show the solemn atmosphere of the cemetery andthe immortal spirit of dr. sun yat sen. zhongshan mausoleum was built in thespring of 1926. due to the warlord's separatist regime, the political situationwas chaotic, and the progress of the project was slow. it was only completed inmarch 1929. on june 1, 1929, a grand ceremony of fengan was held, and all partsof the country were immersed in sorrow. dr. sun yat sen's coffin was buried inthe tomb at 12 o'clock in the sound of 101 salute guns, and a generation ofgreat men rested in the south foot of zhongshan mountain.
the entrance of the mausoleum is located at the southernmost end. it is astone archway with three rooms and three floors. under the eaves of the mingdynasty, there is a plaque of dr. sun yat sen's operation "fraternity". continueto go inside, along the path of the tomb, you can get to the great mausoleumgate. the mausoleum gate is 15 meters high, 24 meters wide and 8 meters deep,with extraordinary momentum in big characters, from the back of the gate of themausoleum to the stone steps and the stele pavilion, there stands an8-meter-high stone tablet in guifu, which is engraved with gold regular script:"the chinese kuomintang buried mr. sun here, june 1, 18, the republic ofchina.". from the stele pavilion further north, across the 290 steps, we canreach a large platform 135 meters wide and 30 meters deep. the platform is thecommanding height of the whole mausoleum. it has a broad vision and a myriad ofsceneries. it is not only convenient for close-up, but also suitable for distantviewing. no matter in spring, summer, autumn, winter, wind, frost, rain andsnow, nature shows people the wonderful scenery around it. in the center of theplatform is the memorial hall. on the front of the memorial hall, the eye jointof mingjian is engraved with dr. sun yat sen's operation "heaven and earthhealthy qi". on the top of the three round ticket doors, there are six words"nation", "civil rights" and "people's livelihood". there are 12 black granitecolumns inside. to the north of the center of the memorial hall, there is awhite marble statue of the great revolutionist. the statue sits upright andlooks calm detailed, vivid.
the majestic zhongshan mausoleum sets off dr. sun yat sen's great characterand immortal spirit. it is also a symbol of dr. sun yat sen's character andspirit. in the solemn atmosphere of zhongshan mausoleum, it expresses people'sinfinite respect for dr. sun yat sen.
sun yat sen, the forerunner of china's democratic revolution!
中山陵的作文500字 中山陵作文800字篇三
各位团友, 我们现在来到了南京紫金山的第二峰, 小茅山的南麓, 这里就是伟大的中国民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓所在地—中山陵.
中山陵的墓址是孙中山先生生前所选定的. 1920xx年3月孙先生临终前, 他又嘱咐左右“吾死之后, 可葬于南京紫金山麓, 因南京为临时政府成立之地, 所以不忘辛亥革命也. ”
吕彦直所设计的中山陵, 平面为一“木铎”形, 形状如钟, 象征着中山先生精神如响亮钟声, 无远弗达, 这种设计也最符合先生遗嘱中“唤起民众”之意. 被“葬事筹备处”认为“简朴坚实且完全根据中国古代建筑精神”, 从而获“一致决定采用”, 陵墓在孙中山先生逝世一周年之际奠基, 1920xx年6月1日开工, 1920xx年春天完工.
each group, we now come to the second peak of nanjing purple mountain, small maoshan foothill, here is the great pioneer of chinese democratic revolution sun yat-sen's tomb is located - sun yat-sen's mausoleum.
of sun yat-sen's mausoleum burial site was selected. sun yat-sen alive in march 1925, mr. sun. dying, he asked about "after my death, can be buried in nanjing zijin foothills, for nanjing interim government was established, so don't forget the xinhai revolution."
lv yanzhi designed by sun yat-sen's mausoleum, flat as a "muduo" form, shape such as clock, a symbol of the sun spirit, such as a loud bell, no far, this design is the most accord with "arouse people" meaning. in mr will be "buried in shanghai" think "simple solid and completely according to the spirit of ancient chinese architecture", to "unanimously decided to adopt", mausoleum first anniversary of the death of sun yat-sen founded on june 1, 1926, was completed in the spring of 1929.
中山陵的作文500字 中山陵作文800字篇四
in the early morning of april 24, the second and third field armies of thechinese people's liberation army crossed the yangtze river and entered that time, the kuomintang troops in nanjing had retreated. after the pla'sleading troops entered the city, they pursued forward. they found that there wasanother kuomintang army in the cemetery, but this army was not a regular army ofthe kuomintang, but a guard guard guarding sun yat sen's mausoleum. afterlearning of this situation, the superior leaders of the people's liberation armythought that the gongwei troops guarding zhongshan mausoleum should be differentfrom the kuomintang troops participating in the civil war. then, the 105thspanision of the second field army sent a regiment political commissar liuzhicheng to lead a group of soldiers into the cemetery. after arriving at thecemetery, they negotiated with fan liang and other persons in charge of thegongwei office. both sides unanimously decided that the people's liberation armywould be stationed in zhongshan mausoleum, ming xiaoling mausoleum, linggutemple and zijinshan astronomical observatory. gongwei brigade accepted theadaptation of the pla and continued to serve as the guard of zhongshanmausoleum. since then, the history of zhongshan mausoleum has opened a newpage.
on the morning of the same day, liu zhicheng, political commissar of theregiment, called on the cadres of gongwei office to make a speech, explainingthat the communist party has always respected dr. sun yat sen, that the pla willstrictly protect dr. sun yat sen's mausoleum, and that the officers and soldiersof gongwei office will work peacefully as usual to maintain the normal order ofdr. sun yat sen's mausoleum. then, liu zhicheng and other people's liberationarmy leaders, led by fan liang, boarded zhongshan mausoleum and inspected thememorial hall, stele pavilion and mausoleum gate of zhongshan mausoleum. theyfound that there was no damage. at that time, the food supply of gongwei brigadecould not be maintained, and there was still a lack of food. when liu zhichengheard about this situation, he immediately contacted his superiors to help themsolve their temporary difficulties.
on the 25th, all the left behind people were called to speak. on april 27,a meeting of all the cadres above the monitor of gongwei department was held toexplain how to carry out the work under the new situation, and ordered that allthe weapons should be recorded and sent to liu zhengwei to the higherauthorities from now on, and all the weapons not used by each team should bedeposited with the department. at the same time, chen yi, commander of the thirdfield army, wrote a warrant for "protecting zhongshan mausoleum" in his ownhandwriting, and sent people to zhongshan mausoleum. chen yi's warrant wasframed and placed in the mausoleum hall.
in the early days of liberation, some people who did not know the truthlistened to the rumors and thought that they could occupy the state property atwill after liberation. some people gathered in public to illegally cut down theforest, especially in the back of the mountain. not only did some people notlisten to persuasion and education, but they dared to surround and beat themembers of the gongwei guard. zhang wensheng, the monitor, and zhai wenwei, themember of the gongwei guard, were all injured. illegal logging was particularlyrampant at night, and dai yuanzhen, a member of the team, was injured by a handgrenade when he was on patrol. in order to strengthen the protection ofzhongshan cemetery, the cmc decided to send the pla to cooperate with the archguard team to strengthen the patrol. since august 1, yao erjue and li wuben ledthe public security forces to guard the forest together with the members of theformer arch guard. they also arrested 11 criminals, including feng qibao, wholed the illegal forest felling, and escorted them to the people's government often districts to deal with them. as a result, the bad elements who illegallyfelled the forest in the cemetery were attacked. after september, the wind ofillegal forest felling gradually subsided.
november 12, 1949 is the first anniversary of sun yat sen's birthday afterthe founding of new china. on this day, nanjing municipal military controlcommission and nanjing municipal people's government held a grand memorialceremony at zhongshan mausoleum. more than 500 people from all walks of life andrepresentatives from the municipal military control commission, the municipalgovernment, the nanjing municipal committee of the communist party of chinaattended the ceremony. su yu, director of the cmc, ke qingshi, vice mayor, tangliang, deputy secretary of the cpc nanjing municipal committee, li fangxun, wuyifang, xu yangqiu, chen zhongfan, representatives of various democratic partiesand cultural circles, as well as representatives of the people's liberationarmy, workers and students, arrived at the lingtang at 1:30 and stood in frontof the statue of sun yat sen. the memorial ceremony began with the nationalanthem of new china. director su yu made a short speech after he presentedflowers to the statue of sun yat sen. later, the people who paid homage to sunyat sen's tomb entered the tomb and went around sun yat sen's tomb. the homageceremony ended at 12 o'clock.
since then, people from all walks of life in jiangsu province and nanjinghave come to zhongshan mausoleum to hold a memorial ceremony on the 12th ofmarch and the 12th of november.
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