人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退，写作可以弥补记忆的不足，将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来，也便于保存一份美好的回忆。范文书写有哪些要求呢？我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢？接下来小编就给大家介绍一下优秀的范文该怎么写，我们一起来看一看吧。
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇一
as the oldest english-speaking university in the world, it lays claim to eight centuries of continuous existence.
there is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when henry ii banned english students from attending the university of paris.
in 1188, the historian, gerald of wales, gave a public reading to the assembled oxford dons and in 1190 the arrival of emo of friesland, the first known overseas student, initiated the universitys tradition of international scholarship.
by 1201, the university was headed by a magister scolarum oxonie, on whom the title of chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a uniuersitas or corporation.
in the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (students and townspeople) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence.
these were succeeded by the first of xfords colleges or endowed houses whose architectural splendour, together with the universitys libraries and museums, give the city its unique character.
university, balliol and merton colleges, established between 1249 and 1264, were the oldest.
less than a century later, oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges.
in 1355, edward iii paid tribute to the university for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished oxford graduates.
oxford early on became a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes.
john wyclif, a 14th-century master of balliol, campaigned for a bible in the vernacular, against the wishes of the papacy.
in 1530, henry viii forced the university to accept his spanorce from catherine of aragon.
during the reformation in the 16th century, the anglican churchmen cranmer, latimer and ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in oxford.
the university was royalist in the civil war, and charles i held a counter-parliament in convocation house.
in the late 17th century, the oxford philosopher john locke, suspected of treason, was forced to flee the country.
the 18th century, when oxford was said to have forsaken port for politics, was also an era of scientific discovery and religious revival.
edmund halley, professor of geometry, predicted the return of the comet that bears his name; john and charles wesleys prayer meetings laid the foundations of the methodist society.
the university assumed a leading role in the victorian era.
the oxford movement, led by john henry newman, broke from the anglican church in the 1840s.
twenty years later, the new university museum was the site of a famous debate between thomas huxley, the champion of evolution, and bishop wilberforce.
from 1878, academic halls were established for women, who became members of the university in 1920.
since 1974, all but one of oxfords 39 colleges have changed their statutes to admit both men and women.
st hildas remains the only womens college.
in the years since the war, oxford has added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine.
in so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as a focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate.
studentsthe university of oxfords total student population numbers just over 16,100 (students in residence, 1998-9).
almost a quarter of these students are from overseas, including the countries of the european union.
more than 130 nationalities are represented among our student body.
almost 5,000 students are engaged in postgraduate work.
of these, around 3,000 are working in the arts and humanities.
staffoxfords current academic community includes 76 fellows of the royal society and 105 fellows of the british academy.
a further 97 emeritus and honorary college fellows are also fellows of the british academy, and 142 emeritus and honorary college fellows are fellows of the royal society.
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇二
topic: define the mountain summer resort as “garden bright pearl, science open-air museum”.
part one: how this garden is special.
_question: (outside the resort, to sitimulate the tourist’s interests)
our garden experts said that, the summer vacation mountain village is the miniature of our beautiful motherland. why can the experts say like this?
_introduction:
chengde summer resort is in the northern part of chengde city, heibei province. chengde imperial palace also known as the rehe place, where qing emperors spent their summer days and work in, so it was not an imperial summer palace in its usual meaning, but became a important centre next to beijing.
_knowledge about the layout:
there are two parts of the resort——the palaces and a scenic area.
the palaces were for emperors to handled political affairs and lived in. the scenic area includes lakes, hills and grassland. there are eight artificial lakes. emperor kangxi commented the resort as “having the mountains as the bone and water as the heart ”. emperor qianlong’s remark, “though it is named as mountain resort, its beauty is in water” highlighted the feature of the resort. because kangxi and qianlong have toured in south china many times and appreciated a lot of beauties there, so that beauties were like been moved by the emperors into the resort. so this garden has the north and south style in a body.
_answer of the question:
the natural mountains and rivers built it was copied the landscape from southern jiangsu and outside shanhaiguan, there has forests, lakes, grassland and mountains; almost include all kinds of the landscapes of china.
outside the palaces is the eight outer temples, this temples surrounding the palaces like the star surrounding the moon, symbolized the national various nationalities closely around the qing dynasty’s rule center.
part two: great values of the resort.
in our country history:
the mountain summer resort has witnessed the qing dynasty’s consolidation and development. said from its rich history connotation, it is really a national and religious history museum.
_question: why mountain summer resort is considered as “intangible great wall”?
when the qing government made beijing its capital, it paid attention to the relationship with the national minorities in mongolia, xinjiang and tibet, and keep a marriage relation with them. it can be seen like this way: the temples around the mountain summer resort were the outcome of the policy of national solidarity and consolidation of the multi-national country.
we know the ming dynasty has built great wall, but the policy of building the mountain summer resort is more effectual .
from the cultural value:
in the resort, han nationality culture and some national minority cultures, both display respective characteristics and absorb from each other. now chengde already towards to the world, the culture is not belongs to china also the universe.
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇三
good morning! ladies and gentlemen:
today we will go and visit the nanyue temple, nanyue temple is situated on the northern tip of nanyue township and at the southern foot of chidi peak. in a layout of nine rows, it is the largest and best-preserved ancient palatial architectural complex of south china. magnificent and splendid with resplendent upturned eaves. inside the east in parallel to eight buddhist palaces on the west, it is indeed a wonder in the history of religion that taoism. buddhism and confucian culture can co-exist within a single temple.
the exact time of the construction of nanyue temple is unknown. it existed asearly as in the qin and han dynastis. originally located on the summit of zhurong peak, the temple was later moved to the mountain foot to facilitate the religious activities. the beginning of the tang dynasty witnessed the formal construction of the heavenly lord huo"s temple" the "heavenly master temple". so as to enshrine and worship the gods of the five sacred mountains, during the song dynasty the immortal of the hengshan mountain was revered as the "heavenly master zhaosheng",as a result the temple was gradually expanded and enlarged. since the tang dynasty nanyue temple had beed subject to six fires and 16reconstructions all through the song. yuan, ming and qing dynasties. in the 8th year of emperor guangxu"s reign in the qing dynasty (1882 ), the imperial court ordered the rbuilding of nanyue temple. which had been ruined by lightning, the project was imitative. copying the styles of the imperial palace. and even to the present day it is still well preserved.
fenced with red-brick ue temple ccupies an area of some square metres. from north to south lies in sequence nine rows and four courtyards-lingxing gate. kuixing tower. chuan gate. pavilion of imperial study, main hall, dwelling palace and the northern rear exit. the whole architecture complex stretches across on axis extending from south to north with its halls linked up together. the winding corridors and wing-rooms on both sides merge with each other. accentuating the magnificence of the stature of the principal part. on the east side of the main temple there are eight taoist palaces. coordinating with eight buddhist palaces on the west side.
the first row is lingxing gate. two gilded chinese characters "mountain temple" are shining on the white marble at the top of the gate. the marble gate stands as high as 20 metres with a width of metres and is meant to imply that during the past dynasties all the religious activities were officiated by real knowledgeable people. the second row is kuixing tower. the most perfectly preserved ancient stage in human a breadth of 35metres and a length of 12. its fa?ade facing the main palace, the stage is the place where people hold religious activities and perform local operas during pilgrimage. before the tower stands a pair of 2-metre tall stone kylin (chinese unicorn). with their furious eyes widely open. they are like two solemn looking sentinels guarding the tower.
the pebble path under the kuixing tower leads to the third row-main chuan gate. east and west gates. the gateway is made of gray bricks with an awesome depth and height of 15 metres. the courtyard within is filled with dense cypress trees and carpeted with green grass. the fourth row is the pavilion of imperial study. distinguished by its gilded tiles. octagonal doubleeaved roofs and exquisitely-crafted arches. inside the pavilion there is a bixi in the shape of a legendary animal like tortoise. legend has it that bixi is the ninth son of the dragon. the bixi carries an imperial stele on which the full text of on rebuilding nanyue temple was carved in the 47th year of kangxi"s reign(1780 .) in the qing dynasty.
the fifth row is jiaying gate. named after the line from the annals of han-books of rites and joys: "this row is the place where local magistrates and monks welcomed ritual officials dispatched from the capital. after the jiaying gate the sixth row comes into view-tower of imperial study. which is the storehouse of the collection of imperial calligraphies ages and inscribed boards concerning the past emperors" ritual presentations to the mountain. sweeet osmanthus ahead of the tower submerges the building with its refreshing scent when it blossoms every autumn.
the seventh row is the main palace. surrounded by towering old trees. camphor trees planted in the song dynasty and cypress in the ming dynasty compete with each other in setting off the beauty of the upturned double-roofs and the splendour of the palace. adding tremendous awe to the main palac. as it stands metres, its girandeur rivals that of the palace of supreme harmony in the forbidden city in beijing. inside the palace there are 72 stone pilliars, standing for the 72 peaks on the hengshan mountain. the two huge pillars upholding the main roofs were cut out of a whole granite. each weighing 14 tons.
encircled by the balustrades are 144 relief sculptures carved out of white marbles. based on shanhai jing . pillars on the forefront overlap. carved on them are 56 historical and legendary thles . on the square door were carved the images. on the square door were carved the images of the 24 filial sons and the images of the 18 scholars. here tourists can get a rough idea of the age-old chinese confucian and taoist cultures. clay statues-heavenly king zhaosheng and general jin and wu line up in the palace with their impressively dignified look, calling forth in tourists a feeling of profound respect.
the eighth row is the dwelling palacewith double roofs and in perfect harmony with the whole mountain. this structure keeps up the architectural style of the song dynasty and is decorated with coloured drawings and patterns whichare popular among palaces in the north. giving a sense of gorgeousness to this palace. the ninth row is the northern rear exit. the end of the axial architecture, with zhusheng palace to the right and chief god palace to the left, at the back of the exit. a path leads farther into the mountain.
nanyue temple occupies a prominent position in the history of ancient chinese architecture. it carries the grandeur characterized by palaces in the north. and at the same time it smacks of the loveliness featured by gardens in the south. the architectural arrangement of the temple is clearly demarcated and gently modulated. strongly indicating the ingenuity and originality of the craftsmen. its ground and upper layouts are like an eternal musical movement with its own overture, main body and coda. demonstrating the excellence of ancient chinese architecture.
nanyue temple carries a profound cultural connotation. it boasts a large number of clay statues. wood engravings and stone carvings, which are all closely linked up with chinese tradition and culture. over 800 dragons of various sizes, which are the symbol of the chinese be found everwhere in the temple. the carvings on the roof wood and white marble balustrades are an encyclopedia of ancient history and mythology. there are fairy tales- "pan gu creating the universe." "hou yi shooting the suns", "jing wei filling up the ocean"-; real stories about some historical figures- "su wu shepherding sheep." "sleeping on sticks and tasting the gallbladder." "da mo crossing the sea"- ; legends extolling filial piety- "melting the ice with body warmth to catch carps." "weeping on the bamboo until it turns into shoots"- most of the carvings are the lgends about the earliest ancestors of taoist immortals. as early as in the qing and ming dynasties, clay status, wood engraving and stone carving were reputed as "the three wonders to the south of the yangtze river."
all through the dynasties nanyue temple has been a thriving place to hold religious activities both for the feudal imperial courts and the ordinary people. every year the temple greets nearly pilgrims. the offerings, presentation, titles and other customs are almost the same as they were thousands years ago. there are "bowing pilgrimage" in which the pilgrims bow with each step or with every three steps , and "hunger pilgrimage" in which the pilgrims bow with each step or with every three steps. "and hunger pilgrimage" in which the pilgrims refrain from food during their trip. more often. pilgrims would set off in throngs. they wear gray clothes with a red cloth attached to their chest reading "hengshan mountain pilgrimage." holding buring incenses in hand. those pious pilgrims chant pilgriming theme" to pray for the peace of the nation and the wealth of people, making it a really spectacular scene on the mountain.
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇四
friends, hello! now we already arrived the huangshan mountain scenic spot southern region strategic place soup mouth. first introduces the huangshan mountain scenery in here to you the survey.
huangshan mountain, is located south the chinese anhui province, is the chinese nanling sierra the part, entire mountain area approximately 1,200 square kilometers. the huangshan mountain mountain system center-section, is huangshan mountain’s essence are partial, also huangshan mountain scenic spot which must tour on us, area approximately 154 square kilometers. it within the boundaries of huangshan mountain city, south neighbour she county, huizhou area, xiuning county and yi xian, north continually yellow mountainous area; these five counties, the area also all belong to the huangshan mountain city jurisdiction.
huangshan mountain in chinese tang dynasty before is called the mountain, is the black appearance, because on the mountain the rock blue black is blue black, the ancient gives it such name. the fable we chinese race’s ancestor shaft yellow emperor in completes the area south of yellow river to unify after industry, founds the chinese civilization, arrives here to pick the medicine to build up dan, takes a bath in the hot spring, thus obtains enlightenment the immortal. tang dynasty renowned emperor ming huangli the prosperous base extremely will believe this view, (747 years) has gotten down together the imperial edict in six years, the mountain will change name huangshan mountain. the meaning is, this mountain is yellow emperor’s mountain. from then on, huangshan mountain this name one until now.
the friends, you are not far thousand, even wan lidao here, must look at huangshan mountain with own eyes the america? not is must feel a time of life to be joyful? yes, huangshan mountain is certainly beautiful certainly beautiful, may say the day wonderful mountain, can ascend a height to get a broad view it, has a look it with own eyes, truly is a life big happy event. before the very long long time, in the long geologic history generation, the nature infinite strength, has molded the huangshan mountain that certainly beautiful elegant demeanour and all sorts of unusual landscapes very much, makes one fall, is elated.
huangshan mountain’s america, first on beautifully in its high peak. here competes xiu, feng feng expresses admiration, respectively has the characteristic, each charm. the huangshan mountain high peak has how many, but also does not have an accurate numeral. in the history successively names has 36 big peaks, 36 small peaks, recent years also had 10 famous peaks to be selected "the huangshan mountain will". this more than 80 mountain peaks high overwhelming majority above the elevation kilometer, lotus flower peak is all highest (1,864 meters), the light goes against is next (1,841 meters), the day all peak rank ( meters), these three big peaks and the graceful bearing outstanding beginning letter peak (1,683 meters), are huangshan mountain’s friends, even if mounts in these four high peaks, also calculated.
under, i "four certainly" separately make again huangshan mountain an introduction.
said huangshan mountain "four certainly", arranges at first working as is the wonderful pine. yellow pinus montana wonderfully in what place? first is wonderfully in it vitality, you saw have had no alternative but to express admiration. generally said that, every has the earth the side to be able to leave the vegetation and the crops, but the yellow pine is long comes out from the hard yellow hillock rock. huangshan mountain everywhere all is growing the pine tree, their long peak, the long sheer precipice, is long in the glen, green and luxuriant, full of vitality. since 1100, they were split open like this from the rock, the root deep deeply gripped in the rock seam, did not fear barren was arid, did not fear the wind and thunder sleet, natural, unyielding. you can say is not wonderful? next is, yellow pinus montana also wonderfully in it that unique natural modelling. from generally speaking, yellow pinus montana’s needle short and heavy dense, ye senong green, the trunk and branches tune lives, crown flat, appears one kind simply, steady, the vigorous imposing manner, but each pine tree, each pine tree, in the appearance, is mad in the rhyme, also is each every different, all some one kind of unusual america. the people according to them the different shape and the charm, separately gave them to get up has been appropriate from however the elegant interesting name, like received a guest the pine, the black tiger pine, the pine, long zhuasong, searches korean pine, unity pine and so on. they are the huangshan mountain wonderful pine’s representative.
the strange stone, is constitutes the huangshan mountain beautiful scenery one "certainly". everywhere all may see in huangshan mountain wonderful shape strange rock, these strange stone appearances infinitely varied, some picture people, some picture thing, some have the reflection certain myth fables and the historical story, lifelike, vivid were all interesting. in 121 famous stones, well-knownness higher some having "fly the stone", "immortal play chess", "the magpie ascend the plum", "the monkey view sea", "immortal expose to the sun the boots", "the penglai three islands", "the golden rooster are called the fontanel" and so on. these strange stones have are the colossi, some marvelous exquisite; some independences become the scenery, some are several combinations or with the wonderful pine ingenious knot synthesis scenery. also a strange stone because watched the position and the angle has changed, the appearance also had the change, has become stone two scenery, if "the golden rooster was called the fontanel" also to call "five old heavens all", "the magpie to ascend the plum" also to be called "immortal to refer to the road" is moves step trades the scenery the reason. also some strange factories, looked under the dissimilar condition, can produce cannot association, thus also had the different name, if "the monkey view sea" also is called "the monkey to look peace" then is.
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇五
the exhibition of inscribed bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha ladies and gentlemen,
welcome to changsha museum. well be here to visit “the exhibition of inscribed bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha and the years of unearthed most valuable cultural relics”. i hope my explanation can satisfy you!
now, we are in the first exhibition hall. here, it adopts panoramic technique, and restores the site of unearthing bamboo tablets of wu kingdom. in 1996, during july to november, in the southeast of wu yi square, team up with ping he tang department. the exhumations were carried on by changsha relics work teams. they unearth 61 archaic wells during the
warring states period and the ming and qing dynasty, and found out 3000 kinds of relics, like copper, iron bamboo, wood, ceramics, and so on. to people’s astonishment, in the archaic well, they found lots of bamboo tablets and wooden
slips. after confirming, they are the relics of sun wu in three kingdoms 1700 years ago. these patches of relics would replenish the lacked historical materials of three kingdoms exactly. our country once had four discoveries: the oracle bone inscription of yin, bamboo tablets and wooden slips of tunxu in northwest china, cultural books of dunhuang stone room, files of qing cabinet. bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha can be mentioned in the same breath with the four discoveries, and become the searching subject of international academia.
everybody! please look at the cross section reconstruction of the archaic well. its upper part of opening was damaged when it was excavating. this is an irregular circular shape vertical shaft; the bottom has a bag form likely. the opening of the well has a length m from south to north, m from east to west, and m in depth. the opening is covered with pure red brown color clay, m deeper of which is the bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer. the bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer is 50 cm thick in center and 20 cm thin on all sides, piled up with slope form. the ropes tied the bamboo tablets and wooden slips have become rotten, but we can see they were buried by bundles at that time. there are more than 10,000 pieces of bamboo tablets and wooden slips by the initial statistics. the second layer is the gray brown clay layer of m thick, among them mix up
with lots of bamboo wood scrapes, grass scrapes, leaves, fragmentary bricks, pottery and porcelain and so on. at the bottom of the well is another small well, which has square wooden frame. the four corners are nailed by a stick of spile inlayed with two wooden boards as the well wall. the circle of the well is 93 cm long, 58 cm tall. the function of this small well is probably for gathering the groundwater from all sides of the well, and then put forward to pour out with water pitcher and other tools in order to maintain the well space dry. this is the living photo taken by the time of excavating.
analyzing the structure and relics of the well , it is an ancient well for storing food. the climate of changsha is so hot, wet and rainy that the food is easy to be rot, but the circumstance under the ground of 10 m depth is just like as a modern refrigerator. the archaeological discoveries approved that people had used this storing method from the time of shang dynasty.
you may ask that, why were the bamboo tablets of wu kingdom buried in the well? there are two statements. the first one considered that in the period of three kingdoms, there were so many wars, the suddenly burst-out war made people bury them here in a hurry. the other considered that to bury them in the well may be a way of dealing with the records in the past.
now please look at the photo. this is the photo of unearthing the well. we can see that the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the mud. why can they be kept intact for over 1700 years? one of the important reasons is that the ground water level in changsha was very high, and the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the water. besides, they were buried deeply; they can be sealed up wall. with these, they can be kept intact for over 1700 years.
next, let’s visit the second exhibition room. in this room we can get the detailed introduction of the bamboo tablets and wooden slips. before we visit, i have a question to ask. do you know whether the words on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were written or carved on them? with the question, let’s look at the photo of the pottery figurine. this pottery figurine was unearthed in a western jin tomb in jinpenling in changsha in 1950s. on the left of the photo there is a man handing a wooden slip and reading something, the man on the right who were holding a hair pencil in a hand and a wooden slip in the other was writing something. the pottery figurine shows us the condition of ancients writing on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips. now, we can say, the word on the bamboo tablets and slips were written on them. did you guess it?
to see another set of photos. this is a hair pencil unearthed from one of the tombs of the warring state at zuojiagong mountain of changsha in 1954. its shaft is long and small but easy to be broken. on the side of it there is a bamboo pipe used for containing the pen when it is collected and preserved. this is an ink stone with little ink blocks near it. here also remains a bronze chopping knife which is used for the calligrapher to make inscribed bamboo and wooden slips and correct writing mistakes. this is a set of photos of calligraphy tools discovered in tomb in jinan city of former capital of chu state. in addition to this, there are 6 pieces of wooden slips without character. this is also the most complete and most typical set of han dynasty’s stationery ever seen up to now. uniting our ancient people calculates the number of the inscribed bamboo tablets and wooden slips are not “slice”, but “jin”. it is recorded in history that the 1st emperor of qin dynasty did not have a rest until he finished reading over 120 jin of memorial to throne and inscribed bamboo and wooden slips.
please notice the following brief tablet about information of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips unearthed from all parts of the nation from this century. among this, the column in red character is the number of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips excavated from changsha this time. the number this time has exceeded the total amount of that unearthed from all parts of the nation these years. therefore, it is named as “the surprising wonder of the world”and “one of the most important archaeological discoveries of this century.”
it is well known that document history in the three kingdom period handed down is very rare.”the annals of three kingdom”by chenshou in xijin has 65 volumes, among which there are 30 volumes of wei book, 15 volumes of shu book, 20 volumes of wu book with total of more than 1 million characters. over the years, the unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets in nationwide archaeology is also rarely seen and only exist tens of pieces in anhui, jiangxi and hubei .but nowadays in changsha, the total number of the excavation of the inscribed bamboo from wu state in three kingdom period reaches 10 thousand pieces for just one time and the total wordage reaches more than 3 million if counted with 20 words in each piece. these character materials greatly surpass the total wordage in that of the “annals of three kingdom”, which offers abundant material for the study of social economy, political system, inscribed bamboo and volume system, history and geography and also fill the vacancy of historic works. we can forecast that the discovery of inscribed bamboo slips from wu state in changsha will surely influence many aspects of the chinese historic study and anew examining and verifying the past final conclusion.
well, let us have a look at this map. though the series archaeological excavation around the “wuyi square ”by our archaeological workers, we have preliminarily defined the region of the ancient changsha .it extends northward to “lao zhaobi ”, southward to “pozi street”, eastward to “cai’e road”and westward to “shanghe street”which shaped rectangle. and the center of changsha is today’s “wuyi square, which, we can say, hasn’t changed basically nearly 3000years.
the unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets for this time, if according to their shape, they can be distributed to big and small inscribed bamboo slips, wooden tablets and so on; if according to their use, they can be distributed to five kinds:
the first kind is document. it can be subspanided into two parts. one is the land rent document with long, wide and 100 to 200 chinese characters on. the other is the official document which recorded the distribution and exchanging of money, crops, and goods among different governmental setups. please look at this smaller slice. it is a classified label. it shows us a monthly report recorded by two officials named huang wei and pan lv in the first year of jia he period.
second, about judicature, which recorded some detail contents and economic cases, such as the trying, appealing and reexamining? what’s on this wooden tablet is an inspanidual case about a du you. du you is a kind of government official. he was sentenced to death for his corruptness of salt, but he was not convinced and appealed to a high court. however, the reexamining did not make the judge change. so he had nothing to do but accept.
the third kind is directory, somewhat like the household and registered books today. let’s look at this slice. here the chinese character “rong li”was a name of some place in changsha. this whole sentence means there is a man named he qin, 55 years old, lived in rong li. his dukedom is gong cheng. and here "suan yi" means can be counted as one of a taxpayer;" xing liang zu" refers to whose legs had been cut off. the directory served as a registered permanent resident, which put down people’s name, age, position and something we can’t find in our registered permanent resident---physical condition.
the fourth one is calling card. it mainly referred to paying respect, giving gift and administrative affairs, as visiting cards we use today.
the last kind is the wooden tablet on account which recorded the managing account of departments belongs to changsha government.
please look at these historical relics again. this blue and green porcelain in the three kingdoms and tow jin dynasties were discovered in zoumalou ancient well. look, their glazed colors is sparking and crystal-clear, the decorate are simple and element. the second among them is called "chichen-head potting", the potting is coronal form, guides the neck and proceeded high, and the modeling of it is very beautiful. these potting were very popular in jin dynasty. they were used as pitcher and chalice.
everybody has seen many photos, has listened to so much explanation, now we come to see the original of the bamboo slips, wooden tablets or slips for writing.
now, you see in the pyramid shape exhibition cupboard, it is a bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips original that explored in zoumalou in the ancient well of the building this time. the bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are the material that the ancient remains of our country come down to write. among them the narrow and long bamboo, the wood chips are called "jian", the generous wood chips called "du". you must distinguish one from the other, not wood make are named "du", what bamboo make named "jian". jian has the wooden one, too. ok, the right side of i there set some inscribed wooden tablets, the middle are heavy inscribed wooden slips. in the left, they are bamboo slips that pressed under the transparent glass. the characters on the bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are simple and clear. it’s easily can be distinguished. the script is the transition from lishu to regular script.
these kinds of inscribed wooden slips and inscribed wooden tablets are made in shirt woods. the quality of these trees is pre-pressing. it is intact to keep. the raw materials of inscribed bamboo slips is bamboo whose quality is loose, apt and crooked and out of shape, so it in displaying and need press when exhibiting. the ancients have several procedures to make the bamboo slips. first, they cut the bamboo into bamboo slips, and then burnished them in order to make them smooth, these smooth slips called “jian”. but people could not write on the wet bamboo slips. then, they roasted dry the wet bamboo slips. while roasting, there was some water steaming out. the water looked like sweet, so people called those “sweet qing”or “sha qing”.
the “guo ling ding yang”of wen tianxiang said that “since ancient times, who has no death? remaining sincere heart to finish ‘sweet qing’.
bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha has very strong historical value, article value and scientific value, so the provincial leaders, city leaders and related experts decided to set up an exhibition of bamboo tablets and wooden slips.
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇六
good morning!
my telephone number is xxxxxxxx, if you have any special interesting, please tell your tour leader or me, we will try our best to make your stay in tai’an a pleasant one. we highly appreciate your understanding and co-operation.
ok. next time i must tell you that: the mountain tai is tall and steep, very steep in some places.
so you must pay special attention to safety, to do “walk not viewing, viewing not walk”, especially advantageous location, but also to “simply walk down, not looking up view”.
ok! now, i want to chat about the mountain tai with you. the mountain tai is located in the central of shandong province, east of the yellow sea, west of the yellow river. the mountain tai, ancient dongyue, also know as daizong、daishan. since ancient time, also know as“the five sacred mountains domination”. it formed 27 to 28 billon years ago, the total area of 426 square kilometers, 1545 meters sea level peak yuhuang ding. with the surrounding low mountains and hills, its relative height over thirteen hundred meters, which is giving a pull to sky momentum. based on the large and concentrated, giving a “rock solid” “heavy as mountain tai” natural feeling, so people warm to praise her.
therefore, the image of emperors became the spokesman for taishan, and left a lot of cultural relics in the number of mountains of the mountain domination position.
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇七
ladies and gentlemen:
the palace museum is located in the center of beijing. it is also known as the forbidden city in the old days. actually it was the imperial palace for the emperors and served as both living quarters and the venue of the state administration in the ming and qing dynasties. its name, on the one hand, comes from ancient chinese astronomers belief that gods abode or the purple palace, the pivot of the celestial world, is located in the pole star, at the center of the heavens . hence, as the son of god, the emperor should live in the purple city. on the other hand, except for palace maids, eunuchs and guards, ordinary the forbidden city and the purple city.
it took 14 years to complete the magnificent palace. construction began in 1406 and finished in 1420. the following year, in 1421 the capital of the ming dynasty was moved from nanjing to beijing. starting from the third emperor of the ming dynasty zhu di to the last emperor of the qing dynasty pu yi, altogether 24 emperors lived here for a total of 491 years. 14 of then were ming emperors and 10 were qing emperors.
the forbidden city covers an area of 72 hectares with a total floor space of about 163,000 square meters. it is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west with a10-meter high city wall surrounded and encircled by a 52 meter-wide moat. at each corner of the surrounding wall, there is a magnificent watchtower which was heavily guarded in the old days.
the forbidden city now consists of more than 90 palaces and courtyards, 980 buildings with rooms of 8,704. most of the structures in the forbidden city were made of wood with white marble, stone or brick foundations. the building materials were from parts of our country. the timber came from sichuan, guizhou, guandxi, hunan and yunnan provinces in southwest china. but in the qing dynasty, the timbers were transported from northeast china. other construction materials, including brick, stone and lime, were used by both dynasties. the golden bricks that paved the halls were manufactured in suzhou, refined bricks used to build the foundation of halls were made in linqing, and lime came from yizhou. white marble was provided regularly by fangshan county and glazed tiles by sanjiadian.
the forbidden city can be spanided into two parts: the outer court and the inner palace. the outer court consists of three main buildings where the emperors attended the grand of rear three main buildings and the six eastern palaces and six western palaces where the emperor used to handle daily affairs and the living quarters for the emperor, empress and imperial concubines to live in.
the forbidden city is the best-preserved imperial palace in china and the largest ancient palatial structure in the world. in 1987 it was listed as the world cultural heritage by unesco.
the meridian gate is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is called meridian gate because the emperor believed that the meridian line went right through the forbidden city and his imperial residence was the center of the whole universe. it is high with five towers on the top, so it is also nicknames as the “five-phoenix tower.”
the meridian gate was the place to announce the new lunar year calendar on the first day of 10th lunar month every year. lanterns would also be hung up on the meridian gate on the 15th day of the first lunar month during the ming dynasty, when all the officials would have a feast in the forbidden city and ordinary citizens, when all the officials would have a fast in the forbidden city and ordinary citizens would go to the meridian gate to look at the beautiful lanterns. when a general returned from battle, the ceremony of “accepting captives of war” was held here. the “court beating” also took place here.
the gate has five openings. the central passageway was for the emperor exclusively. but apart from the emperor, the empress could use the central passageway on the day of the imperial wedding ceremony. however, after the palace examination, the first top three outstanding scholars were allowed to go through the central gate. the high-ranking civil and military officials went in through the side gate on the east. the two smaller ones on both sides at the corner were for the lowranking officials. during the palace examination all the candidates went in from these two side-gates according to the odd number or even number.
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇八
london is a cosmopolitan mixture of the third and first worlds, of chauffeurs and beggars, of the establishment, the avowedly working class and the avant-garde. unlike comparable european cities, much of london looks unplanned and grubby, but that is part of its appeal. visiting london is like being let loose on a giant-sized monopoly board clogged with traffic. even though you probably won’t know where the hell you are, at least the names will look reassuringly familiar. the city is so enormous, visitors will need to make maximum use of the underground train system: unfortunately, this dislocates the city’s geography and makes it hard to get your bearings.
when to go
london is a year-round tourist center, with few of its attractions closing or significantly reducing their opening hours in winter. your best chance of good weather is, of course, at the height of summer in july and august, but there’s certainly no guarantee of sun even in those months and that is when you can expect the biggest crowds and highest prices.
great churches:
westminster abbey
a resting place of the royals, westminster abbey, is one of the most visited churches in the christian world. it’s a beautiful building, full of morose tombs and monuments, with an acoustic field that will send shivers down your spine when the choirboys clear their throats. the roll call of the dead and honored is guaranteed to humble the greatest egoist, despite the weighty and ornate memorabilia.
st paul’s cathedral
half the world saw the inside of st paul’s cathedral when charles tied the knot here in 1981. the venerable building was constructed by christopher wren between 1675 and 1710, but stands on the site of two previous cathedrals dating back to 604. its famous dome, the biggest in the world after st peter’s in rome, no longer dominates london as it did for centuries - a fact which irritates the bonnie prince’s sense of architectural harmony. visitors should talk low and sweetly near the whispering gallery, which reputedly carries words spoken close to its walls to the other side of the dome.
westminster cathedral is the headquarters of britain’s catholic church, and the only prime example of neo-byzantine architecture in the city. the interior is part splendid marble and part bare brick - the money ran out. the 14 stations of the cross sculptures by eric gill and the marvelously somber atmosphere make this a great escape from coach tourists and traffic alike.
kings & queens
the queen opened buckingham palace to the public for the first time in 1993 to raise money for repairs to windsor castle. the palace rates poorly compared to britain’s other stately homes. the interiors range from kitsch to tasteless opulence and reveal nothing of the domestic life of the royal family apart from a gammy eye when it comes to interior décor.
the tower of london, once a castle and palace, is now a beautifully preserved monument to cruelty. according to shakespeare, their wicked uncle, richard iii, slaughtered the young princes and heirs of edward iv here. the cells have played host to an illustrious crew which includes thomas more, anne boleyn, walter raleigh, rudolf hess and wham! bloodcurdling attractions include torture implements displayed in martin tower. don’t overdose on suits of armor, coats of arms or beefeaters and you’ll have a fun time. check out the ravens on the green: legend says that the day they desert the tower, london shall fall to its enemies.
parliament
the awesome neo-gothic brilliance of the houses of parliament has been restored thanks to a recent spring clean of the fa?ade. the building includes the house of commons and the house of lords, so the grandeur of the exterior is let down only by the level of debate in the interior. there’s restricted access to the chambers when they’re in session, but a visit around 6 pm will avoid the worst of the crowds. check the time on the most recognizable face in the houses of parliament, big ben.
downing street, the official residence of the prime minister and the chancellor of the exchequer, has been guarded by an imposing iron gate since the security forces realized that the lone iconic bobby outside maggie’s door was not sufficient to stop the ira mortar bomb attack in xxx.
museums & their booty
the british museum is the oldest, most august museum in the world. it is so big and so full of ’stuff’ collected by victorian travelers and explorers that visitors often make the mistake of overdosing on the antiquities. see as much as you want to see, not as much as you believe you should. highlights include the weird assyrian treasures and egyptian mummies; the exquisite pre-christian portland vase and the 2000-year-old corpse found in a cheshire bog.
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇九
everybody is good! welcome to visit suzhou gardens. i am your tour guide,surnamed pan, just call me pan or pan guide. let me take you to visit!
suzhou garden with beautiful scenery, is famous for its elegant, have"jiangnan garden enjoys, suzhou garden armor chiangnan" the laudatory are both lakes and mountains, wide, and bridges the jiangnan waterrhyme.
now we came to the humble administrators garden. humble administratorsgarden is one of the four classical gardens in china. it is located in suzhou inthe swallow gate, is the largest one in suzhou garden, also is therepresentative work of suzhou gardens. you see, the humble administratorsgarden is light fitting for property of building layout, the clever, fair,simple natural pure and fresh style? its layout theme centered on water, thewater area is about one 5 of the total, various pavilions hin pavilions built bythe water. main building has far hong tong, snow sweet yunweiting, to frosteighteen datura flower pavilion, pavilion, pavilion, 36 yuanyang pavilion, photos below, youd better be careful, dont fall into the water orlitter!
visit the humble administrators garden, now everyone with me to thesurging waves pavilion. surging waves pavilion is the oldest a garden in the garden rocks as blue waves accent. look, head on a heaped-upmountains, stone pavilion is located on its blue waves. is lord of the gardenrockery southeastern md hall building, and there are five hundred mingxianshrine, see mountain building, emerald green and exquisite pavilions, back checkpavilion and royal pavilion building through with them. landscape art isdifferent, not into the garden gate and set a pool of green water around outsidein the garden. chisel below has a pool, landscape are connected to a complextortuous galleries, how beautiful! the composition
below you see the lion grove. is one of the four classical gardens insuzhou. because of the high stone mountain park, more like a lion, so the name"lion" lin. forest lake stone rockery and more exquisite, architecturaldistribution of strewn at random have send, the main building there is yanyuhall, see waterfall mountain building, pavilion, ask meige, etc. lion grovetheme is clear, the depth of field is rich, personality, false cave lives thecraftsmanship, objects dont have a charm.
finally, lets visit the garden. lingering garden is one of chinas fourbig gardens. was built in the ming dynasty. central garden covers an area ofabout 50 acres, with landscape is given priority to, is the essence main building has a green mountain, bright floor, quxi far cui pavilionbuildings, the wind the place such as the pool pavilion. keep the number ofcampus building in the gardens in suzhou crown, fully embodies the ancientlandscape of superb artistry and outstanding wisdom.
now that we have finished the few parks are not allowed to visit the suzhougardens. i would be glad to visit the gardens together with everybody, thank youfor your support for my work! good bye!
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇十
in the north of china, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long)ancient wall. now well-known as the great wall of china, it starts at thejiayuguan pass of gansu province in the west and ends at the shanhaiguan pass ofhebei province in the east. as one of the eight wonders in the world, the greatwall of china has become the symbol of the chinese nation and its culture.
lots of beautiful legends and stories about the great wall took placefollowing along the construction, and since that time these stories have spreadaround the country. those that happened during construction are abundant, suchas meng jiangnu‘s story and the legend of the jiayuguan pass. meng jiangnu‘sstory is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the greatwall. the story happened during the qin dynasty (221bc-206bc).
it tells of how meng jiangnu‘s bitter weeping made a section of the greatwall collapse. meng jiangnu‘s husband fan qiliang was caught by federalofficials and sent to build the great wall. meng jiangnu heard nothing from himafter his departure, so she set out to look for him. unfortunately, by the timeshe reached the great wall, she discovered that her husband had already the bad news, she cried her heart out. her howl caused the collapse of apart of the great wall. this story indicates that the great wall is theproduction of tens of thousands of chinese commoners.
another legend about the jiayuguan pass tells of a workman named yi kaizhanin the ming dynasty (1368bc-1644bc) who was proficient in arithmetic. hecalculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the jiayuguan pass. thesupervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even onebrick,then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for threeyears.
after the completion of the project,one brick was left behind the xiwongcity gate. the supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready topunish them. however yi kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was putthere by a supernatural being to fix the wall. a tiny move would cause thecollapse of the wall. therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. it canstill be found there today on the tower of the jiayuguan pass.
in addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of thegreat wall,there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. a famousone is the legend of the beacon tower. this story happened during the westernzhou dynasty (11th century bc-711 bc). king you had a queen named bao si,who wasvery pretty. king you liked her very much, however bao si never smiled.
an official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire wouldfrighten the king‘s subjects, and might make the queen smile. king you liked theidea. the subjects were fooled and bao si smiled at the sight of the enemies invaded western zhou, king you set the beacon tower on fire to askfor help. no subjects came to help because they had been fooled once , king zhou was killed by the enemy and western zhou came to an end.
beautiful stories and legends about the great wall help to keep alivechinese history and culture. in each dynasty after the building of the greatwall, many more stories were created and spread.
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇十一
hello,everyone!
now our already arrived the huangshan mountain scenic ot southernregion strategic place soup mouth. first introduces the huangshanmountain scenery in here to you the survey.
huangshan mountain, is located south the chinese anhui province, isthe chinese nanling sierra the part, entire mountain areaapproximately ,200 square kilometers. the huangshan mountain mountainsystem center-section, is huangshan mountains essence are partial,also huangshan mountain scenic ot which must tour on us, areaapproximately 54 square kilometers. it within the boundaries ofhuangshan mountain city, south neighbour she county, huizhou area,xiuning county and yi xian, north continually yellow mountainous area;these five counties, the area also all belong to the huangshanmountain city jurisdiction.
huangshan mountain in chinese tang dynasty before is called themountain, is the black appearance, because on the mountain therock blue black is blue black, the ancient gives it such name. thefable we chinese races ancestor shaft yellow emperor in completes thearea south of yellow river to unify after industry, founds the chinesecivilization, arrives here to pick the medicine to build up dan, takesa bath in the hot ring, thus obtains enlightenment the dynasty renowned emperor ming huangli the proerous baseextremely will believe this view, (747 years) has gotten downtogether the imperial edict in day valuable six years, the mountain willchange name huangshan mountain. the meaning is, this mountain isyellow emperors mountain. from then on, huangshan mountain this nameone until now.
the friends, you are not far thousand, even wan lidao here, must lookat huangshan mountain with own eyes the america? not is must feel atime of life to be joyful? yes, huangshan mountain is certainlybeautiful certainly beautiful, may say the day wonderful mountain, canascend a height to get a broad view it, has a look it with own eyes,truly is a life big happy event. before the very long long time, inthe long geologic history generation, the nature infinite strength,has molded the huangshan mountain that certainly beautiful elegantdemeanour and all sorts of unusual landscapes very much, makes onefall, is elated.
huangshan mountains america, first on beautifully in its high competes xiu, feng feng expresses admiration, reectively hasthe characteristic, each charm. the huangshan mountain high peak hashow many, but also does not have an accurate numeral. in the historysuccessively names has 36 big peaks, 36 small peaks, recent years alsohad 0 famous peaks to be selected "the huangshan mountain will". thismore than 80 mountain peaks high overwhelming majority above theelevation kilometer, lotus flower peak is all highest ( ,864 meters),the light goes against is next ( ,84 meters), the day all peak rankold three ( meters), these three big peaks and the graceful bearingoutstanding beginning letter peak ( ,683 meters), are huangshanmountains friends, even if mounts in these four high peaks, alsocalculated no empty this under, i "four certainly" separately make again huangshan mountain anintroduction.
said huangshan mountain "four certainly", arranges at first working asis the wonderful pine. yellow pinus montana wonderfully in what place?first is wonderfully in it does not have compared to obstinate
重庆导游词100字 重庆导游词必背篇十二
the great mosque at huajue lane
the mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over moslems in xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the provincial people’s government. unlike the arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the mosque here in xi’an possesses much chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to islamic mosques, this mosque also holds characteristics of chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.
however, any further discussion about the mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of islam into china is brought up.
islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century . and was introduced to china in the mid-600s. at that time, arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of china by way of persia and afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with china. in the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through bangladesh bay and the malacca strait to china’s guangzhou, quanzhou, huangzhou, yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became moslems.
however, massive immigration of the moslems to china did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when genghis khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from central asia to eastern europe, including the north of iran. many of the moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in china.
among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the hui people in the history books on the yuan dynasty. the hui people later followed kublai khan down to the south, helping him unifying china and then establish the yuan dynasty. in the wake of the conquest, islam spread all over china and mosques began to appear everywhere. in the yuan dynasty, many moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. and a lot of the moslems took part in zhu yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the ming dynasty. therefore, all the emperors of the dynasty issued mandates to protect islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the moslems for their feats. in the early 16th century, islam predominated qinghai on the minority nationalities including the huis, the uygurs, the kazaks, the kirgizes, the tajiks, the tartars, the ozbeks, the dong xiangs, the salars and the bonans. the moslems in xi’an are mainly the huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in china.
the mosque at hua jue lane is the largest in xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in china.
according to “the stele on the building of the mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the tang dynasty. however, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the ming dynasty. the four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. the still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. the stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the mosque. on the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher mi fu, “may buddhism fill the universe”, on the other, “royal -bestowed”by dong qichang, another master of the same art of the ming dynasty. they are treasures in chinese calligraphy. at the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the hui calendars in arabic, is stored. it was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called xiao mining in the early period of the qing dynasty. a three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “retrospection tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in islamic temples in arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the moslems to come to worship. respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a scripture chamber, both elegantly laid out. the five wooden houses, which are called “water houses”in the southwest section of the mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. and in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the pavilion of phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. the pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. the six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. there are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and arabic letterings. the imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of mecca, to chant in koran and to pay their religious homage.
the moslems in china share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. they are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being “unclean”. according to koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. however, except a few places in xinjiang, the chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. upon his death, a moslem has to be “thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on “ke fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting scriptures at the funeral.
the chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. and of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.
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