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ted演讲中英双语篇一
well today i want to present to you an idea that may be surprising and may even seem implausible, but which is supported by the latest evidence from psychology and biology. and that is that some of the most important learning we ever do happens before we're born, while we're still in the womb. now i'm a science reporter. i write books and magazine articles. and i'm also a mother. and those two roles came together for me in a book that i wrote called "origins." "origins" is a report from the front lines of an exciting new field called fetal origins. fetal origins is a scientific discipline that emerged just about two decades ago, and it's based on the theory that our health and well-being throughout our lives is crucially affected by the nine months we spend in the womb. now this theory was of more than just intellectual interest to me. i was myself pregnant while i was doing the research for the book. and one of the most fascinating insights i took from this work is that we're all learning about the world even before we enter it.
when we hold our babies for the first time, we might imagine that they're clean slates, unmarked by life, when in fact, they've already been shaped by us and by the particular world we live in. today i want to share with you some of the amazing things that scientists are discovering about what fetuses learn while they're still in their mothers' bellies.
first of all, they learn the sound of their mothers' voices. because sounds from the outside world have to travel through the mother's abdominal tissue and through the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus, the voices fetuses hear, starting around the fourth month of gestation, are muted and muffled. one researcher says that they probably sound a lot like the the voice of charlie brown's teacher in the old "peanuts" cartoon. but the pregnant woman's own voice reverberates through her body, reaching the fetus much more readily. and because the fetus is with her all the time, it hears her voice a lot. once the baby's born, it recognizes her voice and it prefers listening to her voice over anyone else's.
how can we know this? newborn babies can't do much, but one thing they're really good at is sucking. researchers take advantage of this fact by rigging up two rubber nipples, so that if a baby sucks on one, it hears a recording of its mother's voice on a pair of headphones, and if it sucks on the other nipple, it hears a recording of a female stranger's voice. babies quickly show their preference by choosing the first one. scientists also take advantage of the fact that babies will slow down their sucking when something interests them and resume their fast sucking when they get bored. this is how researchers discovered that, after women repeatedly read aloud a section of dr. seuss' "the cat in the hat" while they were pregnant, their newborn babies recognized that passage when they hear it outside the womb. my favorite experiment of this kind is the one that showed that the babies of women who watched a certain soap opera every day during pregnancy recognized the theme song of that show once they were born. so fetuses are even learning about the particular language that's spoken in the world that they'll be born into.
a study published last year found that from birth, from the moment of birth, babies cry in the accent of their mother's native language. french babies cry on a rising note while german babies end on a falling note, imitating the melodic contours of those languages. now why would this kind of fetal learning be useful? it may have evolved to aid the baby's survival. from the moment of birth, the baby responds most to the voice of the person who is most likely to care for it -- its mother. it even makes its cries sound like the mother's language, which may further endear the baby to the mother, and which may give the baby a head start in the critical task of learning how to understand and speak its native language.
but it's not just sounds that fetuses are learning about in utero. it's also tastes and smells. by seven months of gestation, the fetus' taste buds are fully developed, and its olfactory receptors, which allow it to smell, are functioning. the flavors of the food a pregnant woman eats find their way into the amniotic fluid, which is continuously swallowed by the fetus. babies seem to remember and prefer these tastes once they're out in the world. in one experiment, a group of pregnant women was asked to drink a lot of carrot juice during their third trimester of pregnancy, while another group of pregnant women drank only water. six months later, the women's infants were offered cereal mixed with carrot juice, and their facial expressions were observed while they ate it. the offspring of the carrot juice drinking women ate more carrot-flavored cereal, and from the looks of it, they seemed to enjoy it more.
a sort of french version of this experiment was carried out in dijon, france where researchers found that mothers who consumed food and drink flavored with licorice-flavored anise during pregnancy showed a preference for anise on their first day of life, and again, when they were tested later, on their fourth day of life. babies whose mothers did not eat anise during pregnancy showed a reaction that translated roughly as "yuck." what this means is that fetuses are effectively being taught by their mothers about what is safe and good to eat. fetuses are also being taught about the particular culture that they'll be joining through one of culture's most powerful expressions, which is food. they're being introduced to the characteristic flavors and spices of their culture's cuisine even before birth.
now it turns out that fetuses are learning even bigger lessons. but before i get to that, i want to address something that you may be wondering about. the notion of fetal learning may conjure up for you attempts to enrich the fetus -- like playing mozart through headphones placed on a pregnant belly. but actually, the nine-month-long process of molding and shaping that goes on in the womb is a lot more visceral and consequential than that. much of what a pregnant woman encounters in her daily life -- the air she breathes, the food and drink she consumes, the chemicals she's exposed to, even the emotions she feels -- are shared in some fashion with her fetus. they make up a mix of influences as inspanidual and idiosyncratic as the woman herself. the fetus incorporates these offerings into its own body, makes them part of its flesh and blood. and often it does something more. it treats these maternal contributions as information, as what i like to call biological postcards from the world outside.
so what a fetus is learning about in utero is not mozart's "magic flute" but answers to questions much more critical to its survival. will it be born into a world of abundance or scarcity? will it be safe and protected, or will it face constant dangers and threats? will it live a long, fruitful life or a short, harried one? the pregnant woman's diet and stress level in particular provide important clues to prevailing conditions like a finger lifted to the wind. the resulting tuning and tweaking of a fetus' brain and other organs are part of what give us humans our enormous flexibility, our ability to thrive in a huge variety of environments, from the country to the city, from the tundra to the desert.
to conclude, i want to tell you two stories about how mothers teach their children about the world even before they're born. in the autumn of 1944, the darkest days of world war ii, german troops blockaded western holland, turning away all shipments of food. the opening of the nazi's siege was followed by one of the harshest winters in decades -- so cold the water in the canals froze solid. soon food became scarce, with many dutch surviving on just 500 calories a day -- a quarter of what they consumed before the war. as weeks of deprivation stretched into months, some resorted to eating tulip bulbs. by the beginning of may, the nation's carefully rationed food reserve was completely exhausted. the specter of mass starvation loomed. and then on may 5th, 1945, the siege came to a sudden end when holland was liberated by the allies.
the "hunger winter," as it came to be known, killed some 10,000 people and weakened thousands more. but there was another population that was affected -- the 40,000 fetuses in utero during the siege. some of the effects of malnutrition during pregnancy were immediately apparent in higher rates of stillbirths, birth defects, low birth weights and infant mortality. but others wouldn't be discovered for many years. decades after the "hunger winter," researchers documented that people whose mothers were pregnant during the siege have more obesity, more diabetes and more heart disease in later life than inspaniduals who were gestated under normal conditions. these inspaniduals' prenatal experience of starvation seems to have changed their bodies in myriad ways. they have higher blood pressure, poorer cholesterol profiles and reduced glucose tolerance -- a precursor of diabetes.
why would undernutrition in the womb result in disease later? one explanation is that fetuses are making the best of a bad situation. when food is scarce, they spanert nutrients towards the really critical organ, the brain, and away from other organs like the heart and liver. this keeps the fetus alive in the short-term, but the bill comes due later on in life when those other organs, deprived early on, become more susceptible to disease.
but that may not be all that's going on. it seems that fetuses are taking cues from the intrauterine environment and tailoring their physiology accordingly. they're preparing themselves for the kind of world they will encounter on the other side of the womb. the fetus adjusts its metabolism and other physiological processes in anticipation of the environment that awaits it. and the basis of the fetus' prediction is what its mother eats. the meals a pregnant woman consumes constitute a kind of story, a fairy tale of abundance or a grim chronicle of deprivation. this story imparts information that the fetus uses to organize its body and its systems -- an adaptation to prevailing circumstances that facilitates its future survival. faced with severely limited resources, a smaller-sized child with reduced energy requirements will, in fact, have a better chance of living to adulthood.
the real trouble comes when pregnant women are, in a sense, unreliable narrators, when fetuses are led to expect a world of scarcity and are born instead into a world of plenty. this is what happened to the children of the dutch "hunger winter." and their higher rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease are the result. bodies that were built to hang onto every calorie found themselves swimming in the superfluous calories of the post-war western diet. the world they had learned about while in utero was not the same as the world into which they were born.
here's another story. at 8:46 a.m. on september 11th, 20xx, there were tens of thousands of people in the vicinity of the world trade center in new york -- commuters spilling off trains, waitresses setting tables for the morning rush, brokers already working the phones on wall street. 1,700 of these people were pregnant women. when the planes struck and the towers collapsed, many of these women experienced the same horrors inflicted on other survivors of the disaster -- the overwhelming chaos and confusion, the rolling clouds of potentially toxic dust and debris, the heart-pounding fear for their lives.
about a year after 9/11, researchers examined a group of women who were pregnant when they were exposed to the world trade center attack. in the babies of those women who developed post-traumatic stress syndrome, or ptsd, following their ordeal, researchers discovered a biological marker of susceptibility to ptsd -- an effect that was most pronounced in infants whose mothers experienced the catastrophe in their third trimester. in other words, the mothers with post-traumatic stress syndrome had passed on a vulnerability to the condition to their children while they were still in utero.
now consider this: post-traumatic stress syndrome appears to be a reaction to stress gone very wrong, causing its victims tremendous unnecessary suffering. but there's another way of thinking about ptsd. what looks like pathology to us may actually be a useful adaptation in some circumstances. in a particularly dangerous environment, the characteristic manifestations of ptsd -- a hyper-awareness of one's surroundings, a quick-trigger response to danger -- could save someone's life. the notion that the prenatal transmission of ptsd risk is adaptive is still speculative, but i find it rather poignant. it would mean that, even before birth, mothers are warning their children that it's a wild world out there, telling them, "be careful."
let me be clear. fetal origins research is not about blaming women for what happens during pregnancy. it's about discovering how best to promote the health and well-being of the next generation. that important effort must include a focus on what fetuses learn during the nine months they spend in the womb. learning is one of life's most essential activities, and it begins much earlier than we ever imagined.
thank you.
ted演讲中英双语篇二
hi. i'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine.
嗨。我在这里要和大家谈谈 向别人表达赞美，倾佩和谢意的重要性。 并使它们听来真诚，具体。
and the way i got interested in this was, i noticed in myself, when i was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that i would want to say thank you to someone, i would want to praise them, i would want to take in their praise of me and i'd just stop it. and i asked myself, why? i felt shy, i felt embarrassed. and then my question became, am i the only one who does this? so, i decided to investigate.
之所以我对此感兴趣 是因为我从我自己的成长中注意到 几年前， 当我想要对某个人说声谢谢时， 当我想要赞美他们时， 当我想接受他们对我的赞扬， 但我却没有说出口。 我问我自己，这是为什么? 我感到害羞，我感到尴尬。 接着我产生了一个问题 难道我是唯一一个这么做的人吗? 所以我决定做些探究。
i'm fortunate enough to work in the rehab facility, so i get to see people who are facing life and death with addiction. and sometimes it comes down to something as simple as, their core wound is their father died without ever saying he's proud of them. but then, they hear from all the family and friends that the father told everybody else that he was proud of him, but he never told the son. it's because he didn't know that his son needed to hear it.
我非常幸运的在一家康复中心工作， 所以我可以看到那些因为上瘾而面临生与死的人。 有时候这一切可以非常简单地归结为， 他们最核心的创伤来自于他们父亲到死都未说过“他为他们而自豪”。 但他们从所有其它家庭或朋友那里得知 他的父亲告诉其他人为他感到自豪， 但这个父亲从没告诉过他儿子。 因为他不知道他的儿子需要听到这一切。
so my question is, why don't we ask for the things that we need? i know a gentleman, married for 25 years, who's longing to hear his wife say, "thank you for being the breadwinner, so i can stay home with the kids," but won't ask. i know a woman who's good at this. she, once a week, meets with her husband and says, "i'd really like you to thank me for all these things i did in the house and with the kids." and he goes, "oh, this is great, this is great." and praise really does have to be genuine, but she takes responsibility for that. and a friend of mine, april, who i've had since kindergarten, she thanks her children for doing their chores. and she said, "why wouldn't i thank it, even though they're supposed to do it?"
因此我的问题是，为什么我们不索求我们需要的东西呢? 我认识一个结婚20xx年的男士 渴望听到他妻子说， “感谢你为这个家在外赚钱，这样我才能在家陪伴着孩子，” 但他从来不去问。 我认识一个精于此道的女士。 每周一次，她见到丈夫后会说， “我真的希望你为我对这个家和孩子们付出的努力而感谢我。” 他会应和到“哦，真是太棒了，真是太棒了。” 赞扬别人一定要真诚， 但她对赞美承担了责任。 一个从我上幼儿园就一直是朋友的叫april的人， 她会感谢她的孩子们做了家务。 她说：“为什么我不表示感谢呢，即使他们本来就要做那些事情?”
so, the question is, why was i blocking it? why were other people blocking it? why can i say, "i'll take my steak medium rare, i need size six shoes," but i won't say, "would you praise me this way?" and it's because i'm giving you critical data about me. i'm telling you where i'm insecure. i'm telling you where i need your help. and i'm treating you, my inner circle, like you're the enemy. because what can you do with that data? you could neglect me. you could abuse it. or you could actually meet my need.
因此我的问题是，为什么我不说呢? 为什么其它人不说呢? 为什么我能说：“我要一块中等厚度的牛排， 我需要6号尺寸的鞋子，” 但我却不能说：“你可以赞扬我吗?” 因为这会使我把我的重要信息与你分享。 会让我告诉了你我内心的不安。 会让你认为我需要你的帮助。 虽然你是我最贴心的人， 我却把你当作是敌人。 你会用我托付给你的重要信息做些什么呢? 你可以忽视我。 你可以滥用它。 或者你可以满足我的要求。
and i took my bike into the bike store-- i love this -- same bike, and they'd do something called "truing" the wheels. the guy said, "you know, when you true the wheels, it's going to make the bike so much better." i get the same bike back, and they've taken all the little warps out of those same wheels i've had for two and a half years, and my bike is like new. so, i'm going to challenge all of you. i want you to true your wheels: be honest about the praise that you need to hear. what do you need to hear? go home to your wife -- go ask her, what does she need? go home to your husband -- what does he need? go home and ask those questions, and then help the people around you.
我把我的自行车拿到车行--我喜欢这么做-- 同样的自行车，他们会对车轮做整形。 那里的人说：“当你对车轮做整形时， 它会使自行车变成更好。” 我把这辆自行车拿回来， 他们把有小小弯曲的铁丝从轮子上拿走 这辆车我用了2年半，现在还像新的一样。 所以我要问在场的所有人， 我希望你们把你们的车轮整形一下： 真诚面对对你们想听到的赞美。 你们想听到什么呢? 回家问问你们的妻子，她想听到什么? 回家问问你们的丈夫，他想听到什么? 回家问问这些问题，并帮助身边的人实现它们。
and it's simple. and why should we care about this? we talk about world peace. how can we have world peace with different cultures, different languages? i think it starts household by household, under the same roof. so, let's make it right in our own backyard. and i want to thank all of you in the audience for being great husbands, great mothers, friends, daughters, sons. and maybe somebody's never said that to you, but you've done a really, really good job. and thank you for being here, just showing up and changing the world with your ideas.
非常简单。 为什么要关心这个呢? 我们谈论世界和平。 我们怎么用不同的文化，不同的语言来保持世界和平? 我想要从每个小家庭开始。 所以让我们在家里就把这件事情做好。 我想要感谢所有在这里的人们 因为你们是好丈夫，好母亲， 好伙伴，好女儿和好儿子。 或许有些人从没跟你们说过 但你们已经做得非常非常得出色了。 感谢你们来到这里， 向世界显示着你们的智慧，并用它们改变着世界。
ted演讲中英双语篇三
imagine a big explosion as you climb through 3,000 ft. imagine a plane full of smoke. imagine an engine going clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack. it sounds scary.
想像一个大爆炸，当你在三千多英尺的高空;想像机舱内布满黑烟，想像引擎发出喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦的声响，听起来很可怕。
well i had a unique seat that day. i was sitting in 1d. i was the only one who can talk to the flight attendants. so i looked at them right away, and they said, "no problem. we probably hit some birds." the pilot had already turned the plane around, and we weren't that far. you could see manhattan.
那天我的位置很特別，我坐在1d，我是唯一可以和空服员说话的人，于是我立刻看着他们，他们说，“没问题，我们可能撞上鸟了。” 机长已经把机头转向，我们离目的地很近，已经可以看到曼哈顿了。
two minutes later, 3 things happened at the same time. the pilot lines up the plane with the hudson river. that's usually not the route. he turns off the engines. now imagine being in a plane with no sound. and then he says 3 words-the most unemotional 3 words i've ever heard. he says, "brace for impact."
两分钟以后，三件事情同时发生：机长把飞机对齐哈德逊河，一般的航道可不是这样。他关上引擎。想像坐在一架没有声音的飞机上。然后他说了几个字，我听过最不带情绪的几个字，他说，“即将迫降，小心冲击。”
i didn't have to talk to the flight attendant anymore. i could see in her eyes, it was terror. life was over.
我不用再问空服员什么了。我可以在她眼神里看到恐惧，人生结束了。
now i want to share with you 3 things i learned about myself that day.
现在我想和你们分享那天我所学到的三件事。
i leant that it all changes in an instant. we have this bucket list, we have these things we want to do in life, and i thought about all the people i wanted to reach out to that i didn't, all the fences i wanted to mend, all the experiences i wanted to have and i never did. as i thought about that later on, i came up with a saying, which is, "collect bad wines". because if the wine is ready and the person is there, i'm opening it. i no longer want to postpone anything in life. and that urgency, that purpose, has really changed my life.
在那一瞬间内，一切都改变了。我们的人生目标清单，那些我们想做的事，所有那些我想联络却没有联络的人，那些我想修补的围墙，人际关系，所有我想经历却没有经历的事。之后我回想那些事，我想到一句话，那就是，“我收藏的酒都很差。” 因为如果酒已成熟，分享对象也有，我早就把把酒打开了。我不想再把生命中的任何事延后，这种紧迫感、目标性改变了我的生命。
the second thing i learnt that day - and this is as we clear the george washington bridge, which was by not a lot - i thought about, wow, i really feel one real regret, i've lived a good life. in my own humanity and mistaked, i've tired to get better at everything i tried. but in my humanity, i also allow my ego to get in. and i regretted the time i wasted on things that did not matter with people that matter. and i thought about my relationship with my wife, my friends, with people. and after, as i reflected on that, i decided to eliminate negative energy from my life. it's not perfect, but it's a lot better. i've not had a fight with my wife in 2 years. it feels great. i no longer try to be right; i choose to be happy.
那天我学到的第二件事是，正当我们通过乔治华盛顿大桥，那也没过多久，我想，哇，我有一件真正后悔的事。虽然我有人性缺点，也犯了些错，但我生活得其实不错。我试着把每件事做得更好。但因为人性，我难免有些自我中心，我后悔竟然花了许多时间，和生命中重要的人讨论那些不重要的事。我想到我和妻子、朋友及人们的关系，之后，回想这件事时，我决定除掉我人生中的负面情绪。还没完全做到，但确实好多了。过去两年我从未和妻子吵架，感觉很好，我不再尝试争论对错，我选择快乐。
the third thing i learned - and this's as you mental clock starts going, "15, 14, 13." you can see the water coming. i'm saying, "please blow up." i don't want this thing to break in 20 pieces like you've seen in those documentaries. and as we're coming down, i had a sense of, wow, dying is not scary. it's almost like we've been preparing for it our whole lives .but it was very sad. i didn't want to go. i love my life. and that sadness really framed in one thought, which is, i only wish for one thing. i only wish i could see my kids grow up.
我所学到的第三件事是，当你脑中的始终开始倒数“15，14，13”，看到水开始涌入，心想，“拜托爆炸吧!” 我不希望这东西碎成20片，就像纪录片中看到的那样。当我们逐渐下沉，我突然感觉到，哇，死亡并不可怕，就像是我们一生一直在为此做准备，但很令人悲伤。我不想就这样离开，我热爱我的生命。这个悲伤的主要来源是，我只期待一件事，我只希望能看到孩子长大。
about a month later, i was at a performance by my daugter - first-grade, not much artistic talent... yet. and i 'm balling, i'm crying, like a little kid. and it made all the sense in the world to me. i realized at that point by connecting those two dots, that the only thing that matters in my life is being a great dad. above all, above all, the only goal i have in life is to be a good dad.
一个月后，我参加女儿的表演，她一年级，没什么艺术天份，就算如此。我泪流满面，像个孩子，这让我的世界重新有了意义。当当时我意识到，将这两件事连接起来，其实我生命中唯一重要的事，就是成为一个好父亲，比任何事都重要，比任何事都重要，我人生中唯一的目标就是做个好父亲。
i was given the gift of a miracle, of not dying that day. i was given another gift, which was to be able to see into the future and come back and live differently.
那天我经历了一个奇迹，我活下來了。我还得到另一个启示，像是看见自己的未来再回來，改变自己的人生。
i challenge you guys that are flying today, imagine the same thing happens on your plane - and please don't - but imagine, and how would you change? what would you get done that you're waiting to get done because you think you'll be here forever? how would you change your relationtships and the negative energy in them? and more than anything, are you being the best parent you can?
我鼓励今天要坐飞机的各位，想像如果你坐的飞机出了同样的事，最好不要-但想像一下，你会如何改变?有什么是你想做却没做的，因为你觉得你有其它机会做它?你会如何改变你的人际关系，不再如此负面?最重要的是，你是否尽力成为一个好父母?
thank you.
谢谢。
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