在日常的学习、工作、生活中，肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢？这里我整理了一些优秀的范文，希望对大家有所帮助，下面我们就来了解一下吧。
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇一
1、知识与能力：整体感知课文内容，多角度深入地理解课文，进行探究性学习，培养发现问题，讨论、解决问题的能力。学习本文欲扬先抑、真实写人的方法。
2、阅读与学法指导：质疑法与赏读法。自主、合作、探究的学习方法。
3、情感与思想教育：感悟鲁迅对阿长真挚的怀念、感激之情。
重点：整体感知课文内容的基础上，多角度深入地理解课文。
难点：抓住重点语句，准确把握文章深层的情感体验。
学生查字典学习生字词、看注释，扫除文字障碍，用普通话朗读课文两遍，找出有疑问的地方或针对课文内容理解设计一些问题准备考考同学。
下课休息时间（音乐及图片）（放映幻灯片）
同学们，还记得《从百草园到三味书屋》中那个神秘莫测的美女蛇（放映幻灯片）的故事吗？它给百草园蒙上了一层神秘的面纱。讲这故事的人是谁呢？——对，是长妈妈。长妈妈是作者儿时的保姆，长妈妈知道许多事情，懂得许多道理，可以说，她是民间文化的载体，对于鲁迅来说，她可是一个有影响的人物。可是在《阿长与山海经》里，鲁迅却将长妈妈称为“阿长”，这是为什么呢？作者究竟是怀着怎样一种感情来写长妈妈的呢？今天，就让我们一起走进课文，去感悟作者对长妈妈的深切感情。
1．初读课文。
要求：①边读边给生字、生词作记号。②给段落标上序号。③用符号标出作品中的主要人物。④了解文章的大致内容：人物、思路、所写的事情等。
2．借助工具书解决生字词。（放映幻灯片）
生字词：
惊骇（ ） 掳掠（ ） 惊悚（ ） 惶急（ ）
疮疤（ ） 诘问（ ） 渴慕（ ） 霹雳（ ）
烦琐（ ） 惧惮（ ）
3整体感知（放映幻灯片）
细读阿长：找出文中有趣、有情、有意思的事件或句子，说说你的感受；
阿长其人：提炼人物形象，概括其人其事其特点；
情系阿长：抓文中的关键语句，体会作者对阿长的感情变化，理出一条情感变化线索。
先朗读课文，感知课文思想感情：读的过程中，注意思考以下的问题：①找出文中有趣、有情、有意思的事件或句子，说说你的感受：（放映幻灯片）
②课文应该如何划分段落；
共写了七件事：
喜欢切切察察
②限制我的行动
③阿长睡相不好
④懂得许多道理
⑤讲长毛的故事
⑥谋死我的隐鼠
⑦为我买山海经
划分段落（放映幻灯片）层次：第一部分（1——2）介绍人们对长妈妈的称呼，及称呼的由来和她的外型特点。第二部分（3——18）作者介绍讨厌长妈妈的事例，具体又分三层。第三部分（19——29）长妈妈为我寻找并购买〈山海经〉，作者非常感激她。第四部分（30——31）作者对长妈妈的怀念。划分的依据就是以“我”对长妈妈的感情变化为依据。
4、问题探究
1、从这1——5自然段的描写中，可以了解到长妈妈“生得黄胖而矮”；喜欢“切切察察”；对“我”管得很严，喜欢到母亲那儿告“我”的状；夏天睡觉喜欢在床中间摆“大”字，挤得“我”无法翻身。这些描写真切生动，作者采用戏谑的口吻来描写，又显得很风趣，刻画出长妈妈饶舌多事而又不拘小节的性格特征。
2．元旦除夕吃福橘，说是吃了它，一年到头，顺顺溜溜……
寄托着长妈妈善良真诚的愿望！她希望自己和孩子“一年到头，顺顺流流”，这其中更重要的是孩子，因为并不是些自己吃福橘，而是由她“塞在我的嘴里”。
3．说人死了必须说“老掉了”；死了人，生了孩子的屋子里，不应该走进去；饭粒落在地上，必须拣起来，最好是吃下去；晒裤子用的竹竿底下，是万不可钻过去的……
从对这些烦琐的规矩的描写中可以看出：长妈妈是关心爱护“我”的，不然她也不会这样“切切察察”、不厌其烦地告诫“我”。
4．作者还用诙谐的笔墨叙述长妈妈讲“长毛”的故事。
使人看到了长妈妈的无知、淳朴。这在一个孩子的眼中，她有“伟大的神力”，从此对于她就有了“特别的敬意”。
起因：（放映幻灯片）“我”曾在远房的叔祖那里看到过，后来一直渴慕着绘图的仙海经》。叫远房叔祖那儿已无处可寻，买吧，又没有好机会。因此，“我”对《山海经》一直念念不忘。
经过：（放映幻灯片）阿长向“我”问《山海经》的事，她告假回家以后的四五天，她将《山海经》给“我”买来了。
结果：（放映幻灯片）“我”深受感动，从而不由得对长妈妈产生了新的敬意。文中用一个“霹雳”的比喻和词语“震惊”写出了“我”十分震惊的心理，也表现了“我”对长妈妈产生“新的敬意”的原因。作者得到绘图〈山海经〉的欣喜之态宛然可见。
态度变化：不大佩服她——特别的敬意——这种敬意逐渐淡薄，最终完全消失——发生新的敬意
“憎恶、讨厌”是儿时的心理，在具体的描写中流露出同情和怀念。鲁迅透露了阿长的身世，就表明她的粗俗是情有可原的。她的管教很不合儿童的心理，但心是好的。她青年守寡，非常不幸，只求一年顺顺溜溜，鲁迅在具体描写中饱含同情。
最后两个自然段，直接抒发了对长妈妈的深切怀念之情。文章最后一句“仁厚黑暗的地母啊，愿在你的怀里永安她的魂灵！”这正是作者深沉怀念的真实写照。
外貌、动作、语言。
从整体说来，本文诙谐而富有情趣，但又不失深沉庄重。“切切察察”的神态，睡相的描写，吃福橘日于的紧张心情，“长毛”的故事等，读后令人捧腹开怀，忍俊不禁。可是，当长妈妈为“我”买回《山海经》后，作者的感情变得深沉庄重，深切怀念之情流露于字里行间，这种色彩的变化，使得作者对长妈妈的感情表达得更加真实感人。
《大堰河，我的保姆》选文——艾青
大堰河，是我的保姆。
她的名字是生她村庄的名字，
她是童养媳。
大堰河，是我的保姆。
我是地主的儿子；
也是吃了大堰河的奶长大了的
大堰河的儿子。
大堰河以养育我而养育她的家，
而我，是吃了你的奶而被养育了的，
大堰河啊，我的保姆。
大堰河，今天我看到雪使我想起了你；
你的被雪压着的草盖的坟墓，
你的关闭了的故居檐头的枯死绵瓦菲，
你的被典押了的一丈平方的园地，
你的门前的长了青苔的石椅，
大堰河，
今天我看到雪使我想起了你。
你用你厚大的手掌把我抱在怀里，
抚摸我；
在你搭好了灶火之后，
在你拍去了围裙的炭灰之后，
在你尝到饭已煮熟了之后，
在你补好了儿子们的为山腰的荆刺扯破的衣服之后，
在你把夫儿们的衬衣上虱子一颗颗的
掐死之后，
在你拿起了今天的第一颗鸡蛋之后，
你用你厚大的手掌把我抱在怀里，
抚摸我。
1、完成课后练习题三。（a）
2、选择一个你熟悉的人物，写一两件事，尽可能写得真实、生动、传神。（c）
结束感谢语及图片（放映幻灯片）
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇二
1、整体感知课文，准确把握阿长是一个怎样的人。
2、领会文中带有感情色彩的词句，体会作者的思想感情。
3、学习用一两件事真实、生动、传神地写熟悉的人物。
把握阿长的形象，领会作 者对阿长的深厚感情。
正确理解阿长的性格特点，理解作者的“敬意”。
给下列黑体字注音
惊骇( ) 掳去( ) 震悚( ) 惶急( ) 疮疤( ) 诘问( )
疏懒( ) 霹雳( ) 孤孀( ) 惧惮( ) 粗拙( ) 渴慕( )
1、 结合课文内容，说说阿长与《山海经》是如何联系在一起的?那文章的题目为什么不直接叫“阿长 买《 山海经》”?
2、文章围绕长妈妈写了哪几件事情，哪些是详写?哪些是略写?分别表现了长妈妈怎样的性格?
(2)当阿长问《山海经》是怎么一回事时，我是怎样想的?表现了“我”什么心理?
(3)阿长把《山海经》买回时，“我”有什么反应?体现了怎样的心情?
(4)“她确有伟大的神力”中“神力”指代什么?表现了作者怎样的思想感情 ?
(5) 你看过《山海经》吗?为什么童年的鲁迅这么深爱它?
引导学生理清写作思路，把握课文内容。
一、导入 新课(从《从百草园到三味书屋》中长妈妈讲美女蛇的故事导入 )
同学们，我们在初一时学过鲁迅先生的《从百草园到三味书屋》一文，其中为百草园增添神秘情趣的美女蛇的故事．大家还记得吗?这位长妈妈是鲁迅家里的一个女工，在鲁迅的童年生活中，她是一个很有影响的人物，鲁迅的作品中几次提到她，甚至还专门写了这篇《阿长与<山海经>》。《山海经》是我国古代的地理著作，书中保留了一些流传广泛的神话传说，如精卫填海、夸父逐日、大禹治水等。作者把连在一起，她与它有什么关系呢?下面就让我们阅读课文去探个究竟。(板书文题、作者)
二、回顾复习鲁迅及《朝花夕拾》的有关知识（参阅《三点一测》）
强调：主要作品集及初一学过的课文、出处
学生自读《三点一测》，了解《山海经》
三、整体把握，理清思路
1．学生自读课文，可就词语含义、段落大意、内容质疑、分析评价等内容圈点批注。（参考《三点一测》）
教师抽查字词学习情况。（参见《三点一测》）
1．注音：（出示小黑板）
惊骇 诘问 惧惮 憎恶 疮疤
恶： 憎恶 恶心 恶毒
模： 模样 模范
2．听写并释词：
面如土色 深不可测 惧惮 诘问 惊骇 渴慕
学生分组讨论自己在阅读中遇到的疑难词句师生共同探究疑难词句，小组无法解决的，提交全班讨论、交流。教师参阅教参46页“文句解说”，酌情讲解。
2．速读课文，参阅《三点一测》66页，初步理解课文。
3．思考研讨：文章围绕阿长写了哪些事，重点写了什么？。
学生思考后，在全班交流。初步理解课文内容。（参阅课后练习一答案）
四、课堂小结
从整体说来，本文诙谐而富有情趣．但又不失深沉庄重。“切切察察”的神态，睡相的描写，吃福橘时的紧张心情，“长毛”的故事，渎后令人捧腹开怀，忍俊不禁。可是，当长妈妈为“我”买回《山海经》后，作者的感情变得深沉庄重，深切怀念之情流露于字里行间，这种色彩的变化，使得作者对长妈妈的感情表达得更加真实感人。
五、作业 设计
口头作文：以学习小组为单位，请学生选择一个自己熟悉的人物，讲述他的一、二件事，看看谁讲得真实、生动、传神。
六、检测题设计
抄写并记会本课的生字词，按小组检查验收。
精读全文，进一步研析阿长这个艺术形象，重点研读买《山海经》一节。
一、朗读课文1～17语段，重温长妈妈这个艺术形象
1．播放伴读音乐，学生分组朗读1～17语段
回顾思考：文中这些关于长妈妈的故事表现了她什么样的性格特征?
学生回答后，教师出示板书提纲，明确。
喜欢切切察察 低声絮说 饶舌多事
管“我”很严 喜欢“告状” 不拘小节
睡觉时摆成“大”字
元旦早晨塞福橘 淳朴善良
烦琐的规矩 关心孩子
“长毛”的故事
2．研讨课后练习第二题，理解作者对长妈妈的双重感情。
学生自主思考，与小组交流，小组长代表本组发言，全班交流。
二、研读买《山海经》一节，即18～28语段
1．分组朗读课文18～28段
学生听读，思考并讨论下列问题，各组长组织讨论，并作好本组讨论的笔记。
(1)买《山海经》一事的起因是什么?(用一句话概括)
⑵⑶⑷题见课后练习第三题
(5)“这四本书，乃是我最初得到，最为心爱的宝书。”为什么这么说?
2．学生分组回答以上问题，教师明确问题的关键。
第(1)问：“我”渴慕着绘图《山海经》了。“这渴慕是从一个远房的叔祖惹起来的。”
第(5)问：这四本书虽然很粗拙，但却是由一个谁也想不到的人给“我”买来的，当时给了“我”非常大的震惊，让“我”产生感激和“新的敬意”。
3．齐读最后两段。思考：结尾两段表达了作者怎样的思想感情?
明确：抒发了对长妈妈的深切怀念之情。最后一句“仁厚黑暗的地母啊，愿在你的怀里永安她的魂灵！”正是深切怀念的真实写照。
板书：为“我”买回《山海经》——真诚热情 乐于助人
深 切 怀 念
4．请学生说说长妈妈是怎样的一个人?
指名学生归结，教师明确（参阅课后练习一答案）
5．学生批注文中描写阿长的语句，并分析这些描写有什么特色?
教师提示有关描写的知识，让学生找出文中出色的描写，师生共同揣摩。（参阅教参47页第3）
三、课堂小结
本文按生活的本来面目，真实而亲切地再现了鲁迅童年时与长妈妈相处的情景，刻画出一个真实、生动、鲜活的普通劳动妇女——长妈妈的形象。她饶舌多事、不拘小节，有许多繁文缛节，但为人诚恳、热情，有着淳朴、宽厚、善良、仁慈的美德，这些都是令作者心灵震憾的原因，文中表达了作者的深切怀念之情。其词恳切，其情真切，十分感人。加强诵读，在诵读中力口深体会。
四、布置作业 （选做）
1．完成课后“研讨与练习”题(四)的短文写作练习，在班上交流。
2．以《阿长买{山海经>》为题，写一篇300字的想像短文。
3．当有一天阿长为“我”买到绘图的《山海经》时，如果“我”想对她说句话，会是什么话?请写几句话描述它。
4．以《我熟悉的一个人》为题，写一篇文章，不少于500字。
五、检测题设计：
下面哪些句子是表现长妈妈的性格特点的?
(1)她生得黄胖而矮。
(2)最讨厌的是常喜欢“切切察察”．向人们低声絮说着什么事。
(3)又不许我走动，拔一株草，翻一块石头，就说我顽皮，要告诉我母亲去了。
(4)一到夏天，睡觉时她又伸开两脚两手，在床中间摆成一个“大”字，挤得我没有余地翻身。
(5)我也知道这意思是要她多给我一些空席。她不开口。
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇三
教学重点：
1、 体会作者表达的感情。
2、 理解欲扬先抑的手法。
课时安排：一课时
教学过程：
一、设疑导入(2分钟)
鲁迅先生终其一生没有专文写过自己的母亲，却写了一篇怀念保姆阿长的文章，在文章的结尾，他这样写到：“我的保姆，长妈妈即阿长，辞了这人世，大概也有了三十年了罢。我终于不知道她的姓名，她的经历；仅知道有一个过继的儿子，她大约是青年守寡的孤孀。
仁厚黑暗的地母呵，愿在你怀里永安她的魂灵！”
一位不会识文断字，又有些愚昧迷信，甚至连真名实姓都不为人所知，普通得不能再普通的保姆，为什么在她去世三十多年后，还让鲁迅先生如此深情地为她祈祷呢？
今天，我们就来学习鲁迅先生写于1926年的一篇回忆性散文《阿长与山海经》
二、板书课题、作者
三、整体感知全文
课下都预习了吗？能告诉大家，文章围绕阿长与《山海经》都写了哪些事吗？
学生概括，并明确：写阿长名字的由来、切切察察、睡觉摆大字、繁琐的规矩、讲长毛的故事、谋害死我的隐鼠、为我买《山海经》 板书这些内容，并让学生建立初步印象。
文章主要写了哪件事？
明确：阿长为我买《山海经》
四、细部探究：
买一本书，不是最为简单和平常吗？但是，当“我”拿到这本《山海经》的时候，却有了什么样的反应呢？
老师来为大家读这一部分，请大家注意听，并把相关语句划下来。
教师范读19——29节。
学生找，
第25节
让我们齐读这一节，找到最能体现我反应的动词：
“震悚”：“震悚”是什么意思？在这里该如何理解？
因激动和过度兴奋而颤动。
他为什么会这么兴奋？为什么会这么激动？是夸张吗？
下面就让我们走进少年鲁迅的心灵：
投：仔细研读19——29节，小组合作探究：阿长为我买《山海经》，这样触动“我”，让“我”震悚的原因是什么？请找到相关的段落、句子、词语，好好的读一读，品一品，说一说。
小组合作交流一下。（5分钟）
哪个小组先发言。
找同学发言：并适当的点评。
你们小组找的是哪些？你们为什么要找这些？
你能体会到“我”当时的感情吗？你能用朗读来传达这种感情吗？
谁再来读？大家齐读！
重点指导：“紧紧的”，你能体会到作者的感情吗？体会到那种失望吗？你能读出那种失望吗？
为什么说是“说了也无益？”为什么没有想到呢？（谋害隐鼠，诘责、当面叫她阿长）
对阿长的失望，不抱希望，你能读出来吗？
作为保姆，我为什么不给她说？为什么没有想到？（可以说是没文化、让我鄙视的一个人、讨厌的一个人。）
引导学生体会更深层的含义：
重点品读：“过了十多天，或者一个月罢，……我给你买来了！”
老师想把这一节，改几个词语，大家看，好吗？
1、 删除“一……就”让学生感受、分析：阿长对我的关心，对我的重视。把这件事当作头等大事来做！
2、 删除“高兴”：为什么高兴？完成了任务，了了我的心事，她就感到高兴。
3、 删除“新”：本来要炫耀一下的，顾不得，关心我胜于她自己。
4、 改造“三哼经”为“《山海经》”，问问还有什么不同？想像、体会她买《山海经》之难，是那样的没文化，愚蠢，一定是费了好的口舌，还可能遭到嘲笑，（这好像是一定的！）
5、 省掉感叹号，体会，你能体会出当时阿长的心情吗？并让学生读一读，能读出那种感情吗？
找两个学生读读，思考应该带着怎样的感情来读？要读出那种自豪、快乐、那种了了心事的放松！心里想，可完成了，可不叫他整天是个心事了！
齐读，体会感情。
总结：寥寥几笔，让我们感受的是阿长对“我”的关心，在她的心里，我一直有着重要的地位，我的一举一动都牵动着她的心，她对我的关爱是胜过她自己的！是她朴素的言行让我们看到了对我的淳朴的爱（板书：真爱）。
让我们齐读这一部分。
再总结：
就这样，在我求告无门又想的痴迷的情况下，没有想到阿长竟给我买来了梦寐以求的宝书，她竟然做了我认为不可能的事，这真的令人兴奋而激动了。
其实，也正是由于阿长买的山海经，使鲁迅先生生平第一次接触到了中国神话，萌发了他爱好文学的种子。也正是由此，鲁迅先生开始了一生的藏书生涯，并奠定了他走上文学道路的基础。这怎能让他忘记那虽然粗糙但意义却非同寻常的《山海经》呢？又怎能忘记那位宽厚仁慈的不被人所知的去世多年的阿长呢？
五、让我们一起来读最后两节，体会作者所表达的感情。
六、体会欲扬先抑的写法。
投：文章除了写阿长为我买《山海经》，还写到了阿长名字的由来、切切察察等毛病，
思考：这样来写是不是削弱了阿长的形象？写前边的内容有什么意义？
用折线勾连后：
明确：正是自己一向讨厌（板书）、看不起的阿长，竟然想着为我买我最为想要的《山海经》。她的这种爱就更显得可贵，更能让作者感动。使作者的感情得到了升华。我们把这种写法叫作“欲扬先抑”。（板书）
其实，阿长就是这样的一个人：
她有缺点、有优点，她质朴、真诚、宽厚、平凡、普通。但作为长辈，她对孩子的爱是最为真挚的，也正是这种普通人身上所散发出的爱与温暖，才更给了我们真实的感觉。才更给了我们平凡人更多的感动。让我们再一次齐读最后的两节，再一次跟随鲁迅先生表达他那份深深的怀念和感激吧！
七、齐读最后两节。
八、背景补充：
投：
1926年初春的鲁迅，正是“运交华盖”的时候，写下了《阿长与〈山海经〉》
鲁迅在1925年年底《〈华盖集〉题记》中说的，他这一年屡遭军阀官僚、帮闲文人的围攻迫害，过着一种“悲苦愤激”的日子。尽管鲁迅没有妥协、休战，但内心的疲惫、烦躁、悲观却像洪水一样泛滥、暴涨。
《朝花夕拾》的前两篇写于北京寓所的东壁下；中三篇是流离中所作，地方是医院和木匠房；后五篇却在厦门大学的图书馆的楼上，已经是被学者们挤出集团之后了。
可以想见鲁迅当年颠沛流离，居所不定，在厦门又受同事排挤，常常一人以小炉煮面，林语堂邀请鲁迅来，又不能相助，甚至后来交恶。鲁迅一段时间来，尝尽甘苦冷暖，孤寂之情可知。
换到成人的角度，46岁的鲁迅先生，回忆30年前与保姆阿长相处的岁月。阿长虽有不少个人“毛病”，但对鲁迅的感情却是纯朴、无私、深沉的，那份爱是坦荡和真实的，只有在这种温馨的回忆中，鲁迅先生才能找到心灵停泊的港湾，才能让那饱受伤害的疲惫的心，得以休闲。阅尽世间事，最深还是纯朴的阿长爱子情，这怎能不让他充满对那宽厚、仁爱的保姆的依恋。可惜，竟然连她的名字都不被别人知道。
可以体会一下，当时作者对阿长是一种怎样复杂的感情？
学生，交流，谈感触。
怀念、歉意、敬意、感激。
九、让我们再一次齐读文章的最后两节，体会作者那浓浓的怀念和深深的歉意吧！
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇四
1．了解课文围绕中心选择材料、安排材料，详略得当的写作特点。
2．了解课文的记叙线索。
3．分析人物形象，把握文章中心，理解文章所表达的思想感情。
分析人物形象，把握文章中心，理解文章所表达的思想感情；了解课文围绕中心选择材料、安排材料，详略得当的写作特点。
理解文章所表达的思想感情；了解课文围绕中心选择材料、安排材料，详略得当的写作特点。
本文篇幅较长，在教学时要引导学生理清作者的写作思路，把握住课文内容，然后再着重研读长妈妈为“我”买《山海经卜事，分析课文时切忌面面俱到，一定要突出教学重 点，做到纳举目张。
第 一 课 时
一、复习旧知，导入本课。
在鲁迅先生的散文《从百草园到三味书屋》里，鲁迅除写了自己的老师寿镜吾先生之外，还写到了一个人，这个人是谁呢？对，是长妈妈，她讲的美女蛇的故事真是神秘莫测，给百草园蒙上一层神秘的面纱。那么，长妈妈是万个什么样的人呢？我们一起来看课文。板书标题、作者，指定学生简介作者。
二、检查预习。
三、认真阅读课文，看看文章围绕阿长写了哪些事，重点写的是什么。
文章先介绍了人们对长妈妈的称呼，称呼的由来和她外形的特点，以及她的一些不好的习惯。如写她喜欢“切切察察”、喜欢“告状”、睡觉爱摆“大”字等；接着写她懂得的许多“我听不耐烦”的规矩。比如元旦、除夕吃福橘、人死了要说“老掉了”等；最后写了长妈妈为“我”买《山海经》的事，而且叙述得很详细，是课文记叙的重点。
思考：课文对哪些内容详写？哪些内容写得比较简单？为什么这样安排？
明确：略写了阿长的称呼的来历、“切切察察”的毛病、摆成“大”字的睡相、令人讨厌的种种规矩、“长毛”的往事，详写了为“我”买《山海经》一事。略写的那些内容能使人对长妈妈有个初步了解，她的外形特征，真实地反映长妈妈的一些毛病，但这些并不能削弱对阿长妈妈的敬意，而详写买《山海经》一事，却令人对长妈妈刮目相看，在作者看来“别人不肯做，或不能做的事情，她却能够做成功”，我们可以想到幼小的鲁迅对长妈妈的敬佩和感激之情。
第 二 课 时
一、复习提问：长妈妈给人的初步印象是什么？（指名回答）
长妈妈喜欢饶舌多事、不拘小节。那么，长妈妈还具有哪些性格特征呢？
二、学习新课。
（－）分角色朗读6－17自然段。
思考：长妈妈懂得哪些“我”所不耐烦的规矩？从对这些规矩的描写中可以看出长妈妈
什么样的性格特点？
1．元旦除夕哈福橘，说是吃了它，一年到头，顺顺溜溜……
文中描写了长妈妈塞给“我”福橘的往事，是怎样描写的？她的这一举动寄托了她怎样的愿望？
明确：文中写她“立刻伸出臂膊，一把将我按住”“惶急地看着我”。“她又有所要求似的。摇着我的肩”。焦急的神态跃然纸上。而当“我”说：“阿妈，，恭喜……”之后，“她于是十分欢喜似的，笑将起来，同时将一点冰冷的东西，塞在我的嘴里。”欣喜之态溢于言表。作者虽然认为这是“元旦辟头的磨难”，但正是这“磨难”中，寄托着长妈妈怎样善良真诚的愿望啊！她希望自己和孩子“一年到头，顺顺流流”，这其中更重要的是孩子，因为并不是她自己吃福橘，而是由她“塞在我的嘴里”。
2．说人死了必须说“老掉了”；死了人，生了孩子的屋子里，不应该走进去；饭粒落在地上，必须拣起来，最好是吃下去；晒裤子用的竹竿底下，是万不可钻过去的……。从对这些烦琐的规矩的描写中可以看出：长妈妈是关心爱护“我”的，不然她也不会这样“切切察察”、不厌其烦地告诫“我”。
3．作者还用诙谐的笔墨叙述长妈妈讲“长毛”的故事，令人捧腹的同时，又使人看到了长妈妈的无知、淳朴。这在一个孩子的眼中，她有“伟大的神力”，从此对于她就有了“特别的敬意”。然而，最让“我”对她产生敬意的是什么呢？
（二）齐读第18－－－－28自然段。
这里，作者详细叙述了长妈妈为“我”买《山海经》的经过。指名学生复述买书的起因。
经过、结果。
事情的起因：“我”曾在远房的叔祖那里看到过，后来一直渴慕着绘图的《山海经》。可远房叔祖那儿已无处可寻，买吧，又没有好机会。因此，“我”对《山海经》一直念念不忘。
经过：阿长向“我”问《山海经》的事，她告假回家以后的四五天，她将《山海经》给“我”买来了。
结果：“我”深受感动，从而不由得对长妈妈产生了新的敬意。
文中用一个“霹雳”的比喻和词语“震惊”写出了“我”十分震惊的心理，也表现了“残’对长妈妈产生“新的敬意’物原因。作者得到绘图《山海经》的欣喜之态宛然可见。这就是鲁迅笔下的长妈妈，她虽然多事饶舌，有些令人厌烦的规矩，但她真诚、善良淳朴、关心孩子，尽自己的可能帮助孩子，这样的人，怎能不让鲁迅深深地怀念呢？
提问：文中哪些地方抒写了作者这种怀念之情？有感情地朗读出来。
明确：最后两个自然段，直接抒发了对长妈妈的深切怀念之情。文章最后一句“仁厚黑 暗的地母啊，愿在你的怀里永安她的魂灵！”这正是作者深沉怀念的真实写照。
请你说说：长妈妈是个什么样的人？
（三）小结
1． 本文的记叙线索是什么？
本文是以作者的思想变化为线索的。
2． 为什么文题是“阿长与《山海经》”，而文中却写了几件似和《山海经》无直接联系的事？记叙文的中心是作者通过记叙人和事体现出来的对生活的一定看法。中心思想贯穿着文章始终，是文章的灵魂。作者是根据中心思想来选择材料和安排材料的。
记叙文的详略安排，是根据中心来确定的。对表现中心意思有较大作用的，为了突出重点，就要详细描述；与中心意思有些关系的次要材料就要写得简略些，详略配合得当，才能更好地突出主要人物和主要事件，更好地表达中心意思。略写往往是记叙文中的烘托部分，没有略写，文章内容就会呆板，头绪就会不清，情节就会不连贯。如果说详写是红花，略写就是不可 少的绿叶。如文中略写的“我”不大佩服阿长的三件事就起到了丰富文章内容，更全面完整地刻画阿长这个人物形象，增强文章的真实性的作用。
三、作业
板书设计：
阿长的由来 地位低下
切切察察 饶舌多事
“大”字睡相 不拘小节
过年吃橘 淳朴善良
长毛故事 无知愚昧
抒发对阿长的怀念之情
第 三 课 时
一、理清文章刻画人物形象的方法。
二、完成课后习题。
三、拓展延伸。
教学后记：学生对学习的兴趣比较前浓厚了许多。但对待写平凡人的品格有一定的理解难度。
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇五
1、知识目标
掌握以下字词：
骇 掳 悚 惶急 疮疤 诘问 渴慕 霹雳 疏懒 惧惮 孤孀
2、能力目标
(一)学习本文抓住特征刻画人物的方法———详略得当。
(二)学习本文欲扬先抑的写法。
(三)了解阿长的性格特点，并能够用简单的语言概括。
3、人文目标
把握文中作者情感变化的过程，体会鲁迅先生对长妈妈的怀念、同情和赞美之情。
文章围绕阿长写了哪些事，重点写了什么，从这些事情中可以看出阿长什么样的性格特征。找出表现作者对待长妈妈情感态度变化的语句，学习欲扬先抑的表现手法，体会“抑”中的“扬”。
教学中要引导学生通过反复的朗读加深对课文内容的理解，分析课文详略得当的写作特点。
2课时
1、本学时教学目标
整体感知全文，学习欲扬先抑的表现手法，把握长妈妈的性格特征。
2、教学过程
⑴导入语
同学们，在上个学期，我们已经学过鲁迅的一篇散文叫《从白草园到三味书屋》，其中作者写到了美女蛇故事的惊险、有趣、生动。大家还有印象吗?同时，在文章中鲁迅还提到了一个人，谁?没错!就是长妈妈。长妈妈是鲁迅儿时的保姆。从文章中我们可以看出鲁迅与长妈妈的关系是非常密切的，可以说长妈妈对鲁迅今后的写作有着一定的影响，在鲁迅的许多文章中，我们都可以找到阿长的影子。那么，阿长到底是个什么样的人呢?今天，我们就一起来看鲁迅先生的《阿长与〈山海经〉》。
⑵作者简介
鲁迅(1881年9月25日～1936年10月19日)原名周樟寿,后改名周树人，浙江绍兴人。伟大的无产阶级文学家、思想家和革命家。中国现代文学的奠基人。“鲁迅”是他在1918年5月发表《狂人日记》时用的笔名。而《狂人日记》也是中国文学史上第一篇白话小说。鲁迅的小说集还有《呐喊》、《彷徨》、《故事新编》等。散文集有《朝花夕拾》等。
⑶写作背景
1926年3月18日，北洋军阀政府枪杀进步学生，鲁迅受反动政府通缉，不得不到厦门大学任教，后又受守旧势力的排挤。在那种境况下，作者不愿想到目前，只能回忆少年生活写点文章来安慰自己。于是，写出了回忆散文集《朝花夕拾》，本文就选自《朝花夕拾》的第二篇。
⑷请同学们仔细阅读课文，并思考下列问题(在预习的前提下进行，并用铅笔在文中相应的地方勾画出答案)
① 文章写了阿长的哪些事情?重点写了哪件事情?
明确：
文章介绍了人们对长妈妈的称呼，称呼的由来和她外形的特点，以及她的一些不好的习惯。如写她喜欢“切切察察”(3段)，喜欢“告状”，睡觉爱摆“大”字等;接着写她懂得的许多“我听得不耐烦”的规矩。比如元旦、除夕吃福橘，人死了要说“老掉了”等(6-12);最后写长妈妈为“我”买《山海经》的事，给“我”买《山海经》一事为重点。
② 归纳每件事情刻画出阿长的性格特征，总结归纳阿长的形象。
明确：
长妈妈名称的来历(1-2)------地位低下
切切察察，竖起第二个手指，在空中上下摆动，或者点着对方或自己的鼻尖(3)-----絮叨琐碎，纯朴直率
摆大字等细节描写，母亲问起这事时，她不开口。但到夜里依然如故(3-5)------
大大咧咧、不拘小节、质朴、愚钝
元旦吃福橘，将福橘“塞在我嘴里”(11)------
迷信、真诚善良的祝福
教给“我”很多道理(12)-------
对“我”的关心爱护
讲“长毛”的故事------
无知和纯朴
买《山海经》------
善良、热心和对孩子的关心、爱护
③ 依照文中时间的次序画出事件中表明作者对阿长的感情态度的词句，对比前后的感情变化。这样写有什么好处?这是一种什么写作手法?
明确：
“实在不大佩服”、“最讨厌”、“无法可想”(3-5)→“非常麻烦”(6-12)→“空前的敬意”、“淡薄起来”、“完全消失”(13-18)→“新的敬意”(19-31)
这里运用了欲扬先抑的手法，使得描写的人物形象给人意外的惊喜和惊叹，起到出乎意外的效果，使人物形象更加真实可感，鲜明突出。使得文章有层次，形成跌宕。
欲扬先抑-----抑扬法技巧的一种。指利用事物现象与本质之间的矛盾性来刻画人物的一种手法，多用于表现正面人物和作者要加以肯定和赞扬的事物，也用于烘托气氛。先给读者以假象，把读者的判断引向相反的方向，到一定时候揭示真相，使读者突然醒悟，从而产生强烈的艺术效果。
④ 作者对阿长有着怎样的思想情感。
明确：
综观全文，作者显示“不大佩服”，后来“发生新的敬意”，到最后发出深沉的祝福。作者运用欲扬先抑的表现手法来刻画阿长这一封建社会的普通劳动妇女形象，刻画出了一个纯朴热情、善良仁慈、关心小孩的长妈妈形象，抒发了自己对长妈妈的同情、尊敬、感激、和思念之情。
1、本学时教学目标
精读课文，学习本文抓住特征刻画人物的方法，体会作者的思想感情。
2、教学过程
⑴朗读6-18自然段，思考下列问题。
① 这部分文字写了哪几件事情?作者对这些事的态度是怎样的?
明确：
写了元旦吃福橘，长妈妈教“我”很多道理和讲“长毛”的故事三件事。作者态度从觉得“麻烦”到产生了不牢靠的敬意。
② 在看似贬义的外表下鲁迅先生有没有对阿长的同情、怀念和赞美?
明确：
文中描写了长妈妈塞给我福橘的往事，作者虽然认为这是“元旦劈头的磨难”，但正是在这“磨难”中，寄托着长妈妈怎样善良真诚的愿望。她希望自己和孩子“一年到头，顺顺流流”，这其中更重要的是孩子，因为并不是她自己吃，而是由她“塞在我的嘴里”。
阿长说“人死了，不应该说死掉，必须说‘老掉了’……是万不可钻过去的。”从对这些繁琐的规矩的描写中可以看出：长妈妈是关心爱护“我”的，不然她不会这样“切切察察”，不厌其烦地告诫我。
作者用诙谐的笔墨叙述长妈妈讲“长毛”的故事，令人捧腹的同时，使人看到了长妈妈的无知、淳朴。这在一个孩子的眼中，觉得她有“伟大的神力”，从此对她有了“特别的敬意”。
然而，最让“我”产生敬意的是什么呢?
⑵让我们来看19-28自然段，思考下列问题。
①在这部分中，作者详细叙述了长妈妈为“我”买《山海经》的过程。要求学生复述买书的原因、经过、结果。
明确：
起因：“我”曾在远房的叔祖那里看到过，后来一直渴慕着绘图的《山海经》。可远房叔祖那儿已无处可寻，买吧，也没有好机会。因此，“我”对《山海经》一直念念不忘。
经过：阿长向“我”问《山海经》的事，她告假回家的四五天，将《山海经》给“我”买来了。
结果：“我”深受感动，从而不由得对长妈妈产生了新的敬意。
① 文中写了哪些人对待这件事的态度?用了什么样的表现手法?作用是什么?
明确：
文中写到那位远房叔祖的疏懒，别人又不肯真实地回答“我”，而长妈妈主动来问，“我”知道她并非学者，说了也无益，但既然来问，也就都对她说了，就连“我”也不抱什么希望，没有料到长妈妈会帮助“我”。这里用了对比的写法，突出了长妈妈的热心、善良和对“我”细致入微的关爱之情。
③“我”为什么会觉得“似乎遇着一个霹雳，全体都震悚起来”?
明确：
文中用“一个霹雳”的比喻和词语“震悚”写出了“我”十分震惊的心理，“我”没有料到长妈妈会帮我买《山海经》，也表现了“我”得到绘图《山海经》的欣喜之态。
⑶阅读29-31自然段，回答下列问题。
①文中哪些地方书写了作者的怀念之情?有感情地朗读出来。这里用了什么写作手法?
明确：
文章最后两个自然段直接抒发了对长妈妈的深切怀念之情。文章最后一句“仁厚黑暗的地母呵，愿在你怀里永安她的魂灵!”这正是作者深沉怀念的真实写照。这里运用了记叙中抒情的手法。
3、看完整篇文章，我们来总结一下哪些内容详写?哪些内容略写?作者为什么这样安排?
明确：
略写：阿长的称呼来历，“切切察察”、睡觉摆“大”字的毛病，令人讨厌的种种规矩，讲“长毛”的故事。
详写：为“我”买《山海经》。
略写的内容能使人对阿长有初步的了解，真实地反映长妈妈的一些毛病，但这些并不能削弱对长妈妈的敬意，而详写买《山海经》，却令人对长妈妈刮目相看，在作者看来“别人不肯做，或不能做的事情，她却能够做成功”我们可以想到幼小的鲁迅对长妈妈的敬佩和感激之情。
4、最后，要求同学根据以上所讲，给文章分段，并概括段落大意。
明确：
第一部分(1-2),介绍人们对长妈妈的称呼及由来，以及她的外形特点。
第二部分(3-18)，作者“讨厌”长妈妈的事例。
第三部分(19-31)，写长妈妈为“我”买《山海经》，“我”非常感激她。
5、结语
作者通过记述儿时与保姆长妈妈相处的往事，刻画了一个真实、生动、鲜活的普通劳动妇女的形象。她饶舌多事、不拘小节、有许多繁文缛节，但为人诚恳热情、乐于助人，有着淳朴、宽厚、善良、仁慈的美德。通过阿长寻购、赠送给“我”渴求已久的绘图的《山海经》，表达了作者对长妈妈的尊重、感激和思念之情。
通过本文的学习，同学们也应该学会运用欲扬先抑和详略得当的写作手法，不断提升自己的写作能力。
六、作业要求
思考并完成“研讨与练习”的问题。
七、板书设计
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇六
1、整体感知课文，把握长妈妈是一个怎样的人？
2、把握课文中作者情感变化的过程，学习欲扬先抑的表现手法？
3、体会鲁迅先生对长妈妈的怀念、同情和赞美之情。
文章围绕阿长写了哪些事，重点写了什么，从这些事中可以看出阿长什么样的性格特征。找出表现作者对待长妈妈情感态度变化的语句，学习欲扬先抑的表现手法，体会“抑”中的“扬”。
1、学生利用工具书掌握以下字词。复习《从百草园到三味书屋》
骇掳悚惶急疮疤诘问渴慕霹雳疏懒惧惮孤孀
2、教师搜集资料，准备制作幻灯片，采用多媒体教学。
本
篇课文用两课时完成。按照整体感知——精读思考——拓展延伸三步教学，指导学生阅读，组织学生讨论，也可采用讲讲、读读、议议的方法。第一课时，要求学生在感知课文的基础上，采用合作、探究的学习方式，找出文章围绕阿长写了哪些事，重点写了什么，从这些事中可以看出阿长怎样的性格特征。找出表现作者对待长妈妈情感态度变化的语句，学习欲扬先抑的表现手法。这一课时主要任务是整体感知，把握长妈妈的性格特征。第二课时，通过对课文前半部分种元旦吃福桔和长妈妈繁琐的规矩的描写，以及长妈妈讲长毛的故事的分析，体会作者在这些充满贬义的文字后面，对阿长的同情与怀念。先分析阿长与山海经的故事，体会长妈妈的善良仁慈和对我的关心爱护之情；再联系自己的生活实际，谈谈自己对生活中像阿长一样的普通人的感想和思考。这一课时主要完成的任务是重点段落的研读以及课外拓展。
第一课时一、导入新课
每个人都有一段值得回味的童年时光，因为那时我们天真无忧。当代作家冯骥才在他的文章写道：“我上高中时在外地。人一走，留在家乡童年和少年就像合上的书。往昔美好的故事，亲切的人物，甜醉的情景，就想鲜活花瓣夹在书页里，再翻开都变成了干枯了的回忆。谁能使过去的一切复活？那去世的外婆，不知去向的挚友，妈妈乌黑的卷发，久已遗失的那些美丽的书，那跑丢了的蓝眼睛的小白猫……还有快手刘。”我们熟悉的文学家、
思想家、革命家鲁迅先生也写过《风筝》《从百草园到三味书屋》等关于他童年的文章，同学们一定还记得那个将美女蛇的故事讲得生动而又诡秘的人吧，今天我们就一起来学习鲁迅先生专门写他的一
篇文章——阿长与《山海经》。
二、检查预习检查字词预习情况，重点检查“读一读，写一写”中的字词。
三、整体感知
（一）仔细默读课文，思考下列问题，小组自由讨论。
1、文章写了阿长哪些事情？重点写哪些事情？依课文记叙顺序列出。
2、依次领会并归纳每件事情所刻画出的阿长的性格特征，再
总结归纳阿长的形象。
3、依照文中时间的次序画出事件中表明作者对阿长的感情态度的词句，对比前后的感情有什么变化。这样写有什么好处？这是一种什么写作方法？
4、作者对阿长有着怎样的思想感情？
（二）师生共同讨论归纳。要点提示：
1、适当引导，大概意思正确即可。从记叙事件的
篇幅的长短、情节的具体程度及表达的中心
思想可得知哪些是重点。
文章写了：“长妈妈”名字的来历。长妈妈喜欢切切喳喳。不许我走动。睡觉摆大字。懂得许多规矩，如元旦吃福桔，还教给我很多道理。给我讲长毛的故事。给我买来《山海经》。其中给我买来《山海经》一事是重点。
2、引导归纳，师生共同
小结：
长妈妈名称的来历：先前的先前，我家有一个女工，身材生得很高大，这就是真阿长。后来他回去了，我那什么姑娘才来补他的缺，然而大家因为叫惯了，没有再改口，于是他从此也就成为长妈妈了——地位低下，连个像样的名字都没有。隐含着作者的同情。切切察察，竖起第二个手指，在空中上下摇动，或者点着对方或自己的鼻尖——饶舌多事。
摆大字等细节描写。母亲问起这事时，他不开口。但到夜里依然如故——不拘小节，质朴，有些愚钝。
元旦吃福桔，将福桔“塞在我嘴里”——岁是迷信，却是真诚善良的祝福。
交给“我”很多道理——也是出于对“我”的关心爱护。
讲“长毛”的故事，讲到“脱下裤子”“外面的大炮就放不出来；再要放，就炸了”的话，更是让人看到长妈妈的无知和纯朴。
写到买《山海经》时，作者用了相当多的
篇幅和非常具体的细节描写，作者只是随意的告诉阿长《山海经》的事，他却真的买了回来，令作者对他产生了衷心的敬意。体现了这位长妈妈的善良、热心和对孩子关心、爱护。
长妈妈有无知可笑、愚昧落后的缺点，但更有着纯朴、善良、仁慈的美德。文章自始至终一直在刻画他对孩子的关心爱护的品质：从他“不许我动”到吃福桔的祝福，以及“晒裤子用的竹竿底下，是万不可钻过去的”道理和后来买《山海经》中都充分体现出来。所以他虽然饶舌、多事、有许多令人生烦的规矩和道理，但又爽朗、热心、乐于助人、关心爱护孩子。
3、学生在课文中画出，师生共同明确，作者对他的“喜欢切切察察”“不许我走动”及“睡觉摆‘大’字”是“实在不大佩服”，甚至“最讨厌”的。对他的繁琐的规矩和很多道理也觉得“非常麻烦”；而后对他讲的长毛故事产生“空前的敬意”，但很明显，这并不是真正崇敬和敬爱的心意，因为“这种敬意”，后来竟“淡薄起来”，甚至“完全消失”。最后他买来《山海经》时，作者产生了“新的敬意”，因为作者说：书的模样，到现在还在眼前。这样才有作者后来的真挚的感激、怀念之情，所以最后作者发出一声深沉的祝福：“仁厚黑暗的地母呵，远在你怀里永安她的魂灵！”这样欲褒先贬，使描写的人物形象给人意外的惊喜和惊叹，起到出乎意外的效果，使人物形象更加真实可感，鲜明突出。这就叫先抑后扬的写法。这种写法可以使文章有层次，形成跌宕。
4、纵观全文，作者显示“不大佩服”，后来“发生新的敬意”，到最后发出深沉的祝福。作者用了先抑后扬的表现手法来刻画阿长这一封建社会的普通劳动妇女形象，刻画出了一个纯朴热情、善良仁慈、关心小孩的长妈妈形象，抒发了自己对长妈妈的同情、尊敬、感激和思念之情。
（三）
小结：将上面归纳的内容
整理成表格形式。
事情形象特征
感情色彩
写法
“长妈妈”名字的来历
地位低下
同情
欲
扬
先
抑
喜欢切切察察
絮叨琐碎，纯朴直率
“实在不大佩服”“最讨厌我”
睡觉摆“大”字
不拘小节、质朴、有些愚钝
“无法可想”
吃福桔
真诚、善良
“不耐烦”
教给我很多道理
对孩子关心爱护
“烦琐之至”“非常麻烦”
讲“长毛”的故事
愚昧无知
“空前的敬意”
买《山海经》
对孩子关心爱护、善良仁慈
“新的敬意”
四、布置作业
“研讨与练习”一。
可边分析边板书，也可留给学生课后完成。
第二课时
一、精读课文
（一）分角色朗读六—十七自然段，思考下列问题。
1、这部分文字写了哪几件事情？作者对这些事的态度是怎样的？
2、在看似贬义的外表下鲁迅先生有没有对阿长的同情、怀念与赞美？
要点提示：
1、写了元旦吃福桔、长妈妈叫“我”很多道理和讲“长毛”故事共三件事。作者态度从觉得“麻烦”到产生了不牢靠的敬意。表面上看是贬义的。
2、首先，文中描写了长妈妈塞给我福桔的往事，写他“立刻伸出臂膊，一把将我按住”“惶急地看着我”“他又有所要求似的，摇着我的肩”，焦急的神态跃然纸上。而当我说“阿妈，恭喜……”之后，“他于是十分欢喜似的，笑将起来，同时将一点冰冷的东西，塞在我的嘴里”，欣喜之态溢于言表。作者虽然认为这是“元旦劈头的磨难”，但正是在这“磨难”中，寄托着长妈妈怎样善良真诚的愿望啊！他希望自己和孩子“一年到头，顺顺流流”，这其中更重要的是孩子，因为并不是他自己吃福桔，而是由他“塞在我的嘴里”。
其次，阿长说“人死了，不该说死掉，必须说“老掉了”，“死了人，生了孩子的屋子里，不应该走进去；饭粒落在地上，必须捡起来，最好是吃下去；晒裤子用的竹竿底下，是万不可钻过去的……”。从对这些繁琐的规矩的描写中可以看出：长妈妈是关心爱护“我”的，不然他也不会这样“切切察察”，不厌其烦地告诫我。
再次，作者还用诙谐的笔墨叙述长妈妈讲“长毛”的故事，令人捧腹的同时，又使人看到了长妈妈的无知、纯朴。这在一个孩子的眼中，觉得他有“伟大的神力”，从此对于他就有了“特别的敬意”。然而，最让“我”对他产生敬意的是什么呢？
（二）齐读第十八—二十八自然段
1、在这部分中，作者详细叙述了长妈妈为“我”买《山海经》的经过。请学生复述买书的原因、经过、结果。
2、文中写了哪些人对待这件事的态度？用了什么样的表现手法？作用是什么？
3、“我”为什么会觉得“似乎遇着了一个霹雳，全体都震悚起来”？
4、文中哪些地方书写了作者的怀念之情？有感情地朗读出来。这里用了什么
写作手法？
要点提示：1、事情的起因：“我”曾在远方的叔祖那里看到过，后来一直渴慕着绘图的《山海经》。可远方叔祖那儿已无处可寻，买吧，有没有好机会。因此，“我”对《山海经》一直念念不忘。
经过：阿长向“我”问《山海经》的事，他告假回家以后的四五天，他将《山海经》给“我”买来了。
结果：“我”深受感动，从而不由得对长妈妈产生了新的敬意。
2、文中写道那位远房叔祖的疏懒，别人又不肯真实的回答“我”，而长妈妈主动来问，“我”知道他并非学者，说了也无益，但既然来问，也就都对他说了，就连“我”也不抱什么希望，没有料到长妈妈会帮助“我”。这里用了对比的写法，突出了长妈妈的善良和对“我”细致入微的关爱之情。
3、文中用了“一个霹雳”的比喻和词语“震悚”写出了“我”十分震惊的心理，“我”没有料到长妈妈会帮我买《山海经》，也表现了“我”得到绘图《山海经》的欣喜之态。
4、文章最后两个自然段直接抒发了对长妈妈的深切怀念之情。文章最后一句“仁厚黑暗的地母呵，远在你怀里永安她的魂灵！”这正是作者深沉怀念的真实写照。这里用了在记叙中抒情的手法。
二、讨论交流
在你的童年生活中，有没有像阿长这样给你留下深刻印象的普通人？你怎样看待他们？谈一谈你的想法和感受。四人一组讨论交流。
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇七
《阿长与〈山海经〉》一文是人教版七年级语文下的第一篇课文，本单元都是以“爱”为主题的叙事性作品阿长与《山海经》选自《朝花夕拾》，这是一篇回忆性叙事散文所追忆的阿长不是一个文化人，而是一个粗人，在文中，作者似乎用较多篇幅批判了阿长的愚昧迷信，但在这些材料的背后却隐藏了作者对阿长纯朴、善良的品格的赞美，特别是阿长为我买山海经这一情节，是文章的动情点，也是读懂阿长的关键而这种赞美在文末被渲染到了极点，化成了对阿长的怀念与祝福文中作者从孩子的视角来写，其中却渗透了对人生的思考学习本文，应当让学生能够理解隐藏在文中批判性语言下的对阿长的赞美与尊重，能够学会从生活琐事中发现爱，发现普通者人性的光辉.
鲁迅先生的《阿长与山海经》所追忆的保姆，她是一个粗人，没有文化、粗俗、好事，是一个很不幸的人。但她又是一个热望一生平安的劳动妇女，质朴善良、热心帮助孩子解决疑难。鲁迅先生深情地抒写了对她的真挚的怀念。教读这篇文章，应引导学生学习本文选取典型事例表现人物主要性格以及详写与略写相结合的写法。了解叙述、描写等表达方式，体会描写的作用和方法，从而更深地感悟鲁迅对阿长的深厚怀念之情，领会阿长性格中的纯真美。
1．把握课文主要内容，学习详略得当和先抑欲扬的写作方法。
2．感受文本的情感变化，理清全文情感脉络。
3．把握细节，多角度、多侧面地把握人物形象。
4．体会作者对长妈妈的思念和感激以及歉疚之情，从而学会关注并尊重生活中的普通人，使自己成为一个善良、重情义的人。
1、分析文中阿长个人形象。
2、理解课文内容，分析人物心情。
通过赏析作者拿到《山海经》的心情，体会作者对阿长的思想感情。
提问法朗读法讲授法
一、导入新课同学们，我们先放松一下心情，假如你们家要招聘一名保姆，你有哪些要求？（学生自由做答）今天我们学习的课文也有一位保姆，你喜欢她吗？
二、教学新课
（一）初识阿长检查预习：填写阿长档案。通过比较，她是心目中的理想保姆形象吗？（学生自由做答）
（二）再识阿长快速阅读课文，说说本文围绕长妈妈写了哪几件事，详写了哪件事？请简要概述。
明确：
①“常喜欢切切察察”，爱告状，睡觉时挤得“我”无法翻身；
②懂得许多规矩和麻烦的礼节；
③讲长毛攻城的故事；
④谋害“我”的隐鼠；
⑤“我”十分渴慕《山海经》，求而不得时阿长竟为“我”买来了。详写了为我买《山海经》一事，立即将略写的诸多毛病一律洗去，令人对长妈妈刮目相看，对长妈妈的敬佩和感激之情也在详略得当之中得以适当表现。文章有详有略，详略得当。
（三）读懂阿长
1、幼年的鲁迅对阿长是什么态度？（抓文中的关键词、句）幼年的鲁迅先是对阿长憎恶，谋死了我的隐鼠，再是不大佩服她，讨厌她，因为“常喜欢切切察察”，爱告状，睡觉时挤得“我”无法翻身，再是不耐烦，懂得许多规矩和麻烦的礼节，再是有空前的敬意，因为讲长毛攻城的故事，她有伟大的神力，最后是产生新的敬意，为我买《山海经》。这件事也成为三十年来让作者最难忘的一件事
2、自由朗读20—27段，抓住关键词句：
1）哪些词句最能表现我对《山海经》的“渴慕”？
2）当阿长给我买来“最为心爱的宝书”，我有什么反应？明确：“念念不忘”，一坐下，我就记得绘图的《山海经》，对书中的内容插图记忆清晰。谋害我隐鼠的怨恨消失等方面，表现我的“渴慕”，为下文写阿长给我买书作铺垫。我的反应是“震悚”，来表现我的惊讶和欢喜。让学生多读来体会下这种惊讶和欢喜。课本剧表演：阿长给我买《山海经》的过程，演员共六人，再现过程之艰难。
3）为作者买书这件事，表现了阿长对我的关爱，那么这种关爱是为我买书才有的吗：以前也有，比如在母亲面前告我的状，逼我吃福桔，为我讲故事等，只不是幼年的鲁迅没有体会到。
3、通过上述分析，你的眼里也一定出现了一个“阿长”的形象，阿长是怎样一个人呢？根据你对课文的理解，可用“阿长是一个______的人”表述。
(可以从外貌、身份、细节、性格等方面说，可用课文中的词句，也可以自己概括，发挥学生的积极性，鼓励各抒己见)
明确：
阿长是一个黄胖而矮的人；
阿长是一个别人不注意姓名的人；
阿长是一个喜欢切切察察的人；
阿长是一个睡相不好的人；
阿长是一个限制“我”行动的人；
阿长是一个懂得许多规矩的人；
阿长是一个烦琐之至的人；
阿长是一个迷信的人；
阿长是一个善良的人；
阿长是一个朴实的人；
阿长是一个热情为“我”着想的人；
阿长是一个具有伟大神力的人......
小结：长妈妈有无知可笑、愚昧落后的缺点，但更有着纯朴、善良、仁慈的美德。
4、成年的鲁迅，在写作本文时，又掺杂了怎样的情感？齐读最后两段。表达了鲁迅对阿长深切的怀念之情，还掺杂有同情，尊重，内疚、感激的情感。至此鲁迅的表现的淋漓尽致，这就是先抑后扬的写作手法。可以让学生记下来。
（四）心灵共语（教师下水文）播放微视频，读懂鲁迅。长妈妈没有名字，阿长只不过是她的一个代号，一个前任女工留给她的代号而已。先生和她相处多年，竟然不知道她姓甚名谁，三十年后再次回忆起这位胜似慈母的人，连长妈妈的缺点也化成了浓浓的、化不开的、深深的同情与怀念，文字间隐隐流淌着的是一种细腻而深刻的忧伤！读文章的结尾，我们仿佛看到先生因思念和不安而满含泪水的脸庞。每个人都是从黑暗中走来，最终要归依于黑暗的，当内心的情感无法用多余的语言表达时候，先生便选择了用饱蘸激情的笔墨，将万种愁绪幻化成对长妈妈在天之灵的祝福！儿时的鲁迅不能体会长妈妈那份深深的爱，但当他读懂的时候，也只能化作满脸的悔恨与怀念。三十多年过去了，回首往昔，先生才真正体会到“树欲静而风不止，子欲养而亲不待”的无奈！阿长的回忆，是一个人对另一个的怀念！阿长的回忆，是一个人对另一个人的感恩！阿长的回忆，更是一个对另一个人人格的尊重！这个可厌、可怜、可爱又可敬的女人，因鲁迅的文字而得到了永生！长妈妈，我们现在身处伟大的新时代，你在地母的怀里安息吧！
（五）与你共勉：铭记、感恩所有曾经对我们好的人学生齐读。师小结。
三、布置作业
1、课外翻阅绘图版《山海经》，找一找“三脚的鸟”“一脚的牛”，看看这些“怪物”究竟是什么。
2、翻阅文字版，了解典故“精卫填海”“后羿射日”“夸父逐日”“刑天舞干戚”“大禹治水”的出处及内容。
基础训练
1．找出读音不完全正确的一项是（）
a．惊骇（hài）孤孀（shuānɡ）疮疤（chuānɡ）
b．掳去（lǔ）惧惮（dàn）憎恨（zènɡ）
c．絮说（xù）诘问（jié）霹雳（pī）
d．粗拙（zhuó）烦琐（suǒ）陆玑（jī）
2．找出下列语句中的错别字，并改正过来。
①......说得阔气一点，就是我的保母。（）
②都是些烦锁之至，至今想起来还觉得非常麻烦的事情。（）
③但当我衰悼隐鼠，给它复仇的时候，一面又在渴幕着绘图的《山海经》了。（）（）
④书的摸样，到现在还在眼前（）
3．解释句中黑体的词语。
①最讨厌的是常喜欢切切察察，向人们低声絮说些什么事，还竖起第二个手指。a．切切察察：b．絮说：
②她又拿起那橘子来在我的眼前摇了两摇，“那么，一年到头，顺
顺流流......”顺顺流流：
③但到憎恶她的时候，——例如知道了谋死我那隐鼠的却是她的时候，就叫她阿长。谋死：
④我惧惮她什么呢！惧惮
4．选词填空。
①这四本书，乃是我最初得到，最为（a．心爱b．可贵c．珍惜）的宝书。
②这又使我发生新的敬意了，别人不肯做，或不能做的事，她却能够做成功。她确有伟大的。（a．气魄b．办法c．神力）
③我惊异地看她时，只见她（a．着急b．惶急c．慌乱）地看着我。
④我很愿意看看这样的图画，但不好意思力逼他去寻找，他是（a．懒惰b．怠情c．疏懒）的。
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇八
1、掌握文中出现的陌生字词，达到会读、会写、会用。
2、能自主发现问题，提出问题，合作解决文章理解上的疑难，培养学生问题能力。
3、深入领会作者对阿长的感情，建立朴素的阶段意识，热爱劳动人民。
4、学习文章人物描写的方法。
教学重点：学习鲁迅通过人物动作、语言描写来塑造人物的写法，即人物的语言、动作描写。
教学难点：对文章主题的领会。
教法选择：情境教学法，讲述法，讨论法，实践法综合灵活运用。采用“读读—议议—练练—讲讲”“八字四段流程”教学形式。
1、强调预习。目的在于培养学生使用工具书，搜集处理信息的能力，培养自学能力，为实现“教是为了不教”努力。
2、强调多读。本文作者是文白转期的文学家，作品精深，较难懂，人言《朝花夕拾》是没有呐喊的心底呐喊，故必须熟读。另外，语感是语文的生命，而读是培养语感的最佳途径，故必须多读。
3、强调积累。丰厚语文积淀，包括学法积累和基础知识积累。
4、强调自主设疑，合作学习，勇于探究。
课堂组织形式：组织自主学习，小组交流，互动协作。以学生为主体，教师充当学生学习的引导者、促进者。
教学媒体：投影、两张胶片，其一誊写字词，其二抄艾青诗——《大堰河—我的保姆》。
教学时数：两课时 第一课时完成“读读”、“议议”部分，第二课时完成“练练”、“讲讲”部分。
第一环节：创设情境，激情导入。
首先，放投影——《大堰河—我的保姆》，教师朗读。然后，学生听诗后谈感受，从“大堰河是怎样一个人？”“作者对大堰河的感情？”两方面谈。之后，师精当过渡：由大堰河→百草园中的长妈妈→阿长与《山海经》，切题后，板书课题。
1、创设情境，激发学生学习热情。
2、有感而发，培养学生思维能力，表达能力。
学法指导方面，此环节让学生学会从内容，情感方面去评判感受作品。
第二环节：检查反馈预习情况，完成目标1。
1、小组内互检字词，内容包括音、形、义及应用，之后师指定1—2名后进生回答，了解掌握情况。
2、介绍课下搜集的鲁迅的作品，这里要求教师要以学生学习伙伴的身份向学生介绍《朝花夕拾》中的一些作品，比如《藤野先生》、《无常》、《琐记》。
此种教学策略意义在于：小组互检字词，生生互动，与个别指名检查相比，训练面大，效率高；介绍作品，利于学生积累；教师介绍作品，能激发阅读欲，助于语文阅读教学，同时，真正体现出教师这一课程资源开发者的姿态。
第三环节：学习文章，完成目标2、4。
版块一：“读读”
本文篇幅约3000字，朗读一遍需8—10分钟，快速自由读一遍需4—5分钟，“读读”采用“范读—练读—指导朗读—自读批注”的程式进行，预计用时25分钟。
此处师生双边活动中，教师的行为是：“范读开头、结尾部分；巡回指导学生练读；指定学生读得点段落——文章的第1、2、14、15、16及最后两段；鼓励学生参与朗读评价；讲述朗读技巧。学生在此过程中要求积极热情广泛地参与；学会把握重音、节奏、感情三要素来朗读的方法；注意养成朗读时正确、流利、有感情，默读时不动唇、不指读，自读时“不动笔墨不读书”的良好阅读习惯。
专家指出，教育的最终目的是养成良好的习惯。注重学生良好的阅读习惯的养成是本版设计的意图之一，“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，站在“教是为了不教”这一系统高度，传授学生以朗读方法是意图之二。
版块二：“议议”（这一版块与下一版块是本课学习的主体内容）
依据循序渐进的教学原则和中学生先感知再领会后吸纳的认知规律，本版块着力解决学习文章三大常规问题，即“文章写了什么”“作者是如何写的”“为什么这样写”。
首先“议”“文章写了什么”。在第一版块熟读、批注的基础上，这个问题是很容易的，但此处是“读文后”与“提炼写法”两环节的过渡，所以，要求教师既要帮助引导学生能整体感知文意文情，又要将主人公阿长的形象性格特征表述出来，实现这个目的的策略是：给学生时间，独立思考，组织语言，概括文章；给学生句子表达样式——“通过×××事（描写），可看出阿长是个什么样的人”，小组合作，完成对阿长性格的分析。
其后“议”“作者是如何写的”。作者（不仅指本文作者）写每篇文章，所用的写法都是综合的，是“门类繁多的”，阅读者（或称学习者）对其写作评判也是见仁见智的。初二年级是深入学习记叙文的阶段，针对这种实情，应将学法锁定在人物描写的方法上（即本课的教学重点）。分析人物描写还是以小组合作的形式进行，组织各小组先标划出最能体现阿长性格的段句词，讨论分析归类，不难得出“作者是通过语言、动作描写来刻画人物”的结论，教师板书这一所得后，给学生范读《藤野先生》《药》中的几处人物语言、动作描写，让学生谈句段表现人物的性格，以加深印象，进而应用于自己的写作。
最后“议”“为什么这样写”。此环节也可称为亮点探究，旨在培养学生的问题意识和问题习惯，提高学生语言思维和语言组织能力，训练学生的发散思维和创造性表达。这一意旨的理论依据有三：其一，培养学生的创新精神是素质教育的要义之一，探究是培养创新精神的主要途径，而探究的具体形式就是“提问题”。其二，语文的训练归根结底就是语言思维训练和语言表达的训练。其三，多角度思考和赋有创意地表达是新课改对学生表达要求的创意之举。此处班级教学的组织形式为全班交流。要求学生随便问，积极想、主动答。预计的问题有：（1）文章写了几件事，重点是哪件事。
（2）“仁厚黑暗的地母啊，愿在你怀里永安她的魂灵”一句为何说大地“仁厚黑暗”。
（3）阿长为何给“我”买《山海经》。
（4）文中写童年“我”两次感到阿长有“伟大的神力”，这两次感受相同吗。
（5）为什么说“这四本书，乃是我最初得到，最为心爱的宝书”。全班交流中，教师要参与交流，对学生未能提出的重点问题，教师应适时提出，保证教学任务的完成，此外，教师要善于启发学生思维，关注后进生，同时，在设疑上进行学法指导——教会学生从文章内容、思想、写法、作者、字词理解等到方面入手，提出有价值的问题”。
版块三：“练练”
此版块是第二版块中学习重点——人物写法的巩固和延伸，新课改提出语文的根本任务是提高学生听说读写的能力。“语言是“习得”的产物（叶圣陶语）”，“习得”离不开实践；“语文是实践性很强的学科”；“语文教师在课堂中的作用就是将学生组织到实践训练中去”，从这些意义上看，组织学生效仿鲁迅进行人物描写的训练是必要的。这里，设计了两类练习，一类是读人物描写的语段，分析人物性格，属基础类题；一类是进行人物片段描写，突出人物性格，属拓展类练习。训练中，教师做到鼓励学生表达，关注后进生，把发言表现机会倾向于“弱势群体”。
第四版块：“讲讲”
接受式学习与发现式学习是并存两类学习方式，“讲授”这种接受式学习以其省时、高效能保证知识的系统完整深刻的优势是其他方法无法取替的。新课程也强调指出：没有教师教的学习活动不是教学。讲是不能回避无可厚非的！本课预计讲两个内容：初二学生刚接触较正规的人物描写训练，对人物语言描写中的标点使用（重点是冒号、引号、逗号、句号）估计会出现问题，这要讲；鲁迅的作品反映的年代距今已100余年，沧海桑田，物是人非，因此，作品的社会背景作者的创作背景也要讲。另外，这两个内容一个承上版块的人物描写训练，一个启下环节的“自结课文”，讲之，不仅重要而且必要。
第四环节：自结文章，完成目标3，突破教学难点。
本环节安排一项内容，教给一种学法，培养两种能力，体现三个思想。
一项内容，即组织学生完成“学完此文后我的收获”一题。
一种学法，即让学生学会从文章内容，文章写法，文章情感，语文积累，影响启示五方面谈收获。
培养两种能力，即概括归纳的能力，评判文章主题的能力。
体现三个思想，即体现自主学习，体现个性化阅读行为，体现语文的人文性。
实用是板书设计的根本，所谓“实用”起码应具备“对学生有启示作用” “有助于将来四顾”“含金量大有积累价值”这三点。本文教学中的板书采用“段位”板书形式，将版面分成“语文知识积累”、“文章内容及主题”、“学法指导”三块。
“语文知识积累”块板书鲁迅的部分作品，文中字词，艾青诗《大堰河—我的保姆》诗题及作者。
“文章内容及主题”块板书学生对文章整体感知的内容，作者的情感，读文后学生的主要启示等。
“学法指导”块板书朗读的方法，设疑的方法，结课的方法。
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇九
一、导入：
题目中的奇趣
这个目不识丁的保姆与一本书，能有什么联系呢？
二、自读课文。老师巡视，发现并帮助解决有关字词问题。
三、整体感知：
1、了解“阿长”的称呼。
是她的姓？是她的名？是形容她生得高大？它的来历究竟如何？
2、阿长与“长妈妈”、“阿妈”
阿长还有两个称呼：母亲称之为？我称之为？
如果说“长妈妈”还略带些敬意，那么阿长呢？
但就是这样一个阿长，为我买回了《山海经》。
3、填空：
__________（身份低微、不受关注）的阿长，买回了让我__________（渴慕已久、朝思暮想、牵肠挂肚）的《山海经》；作者通过这件事，表达了我对长妈妈的_________之情。
四、认识人物：
但只写了这一件事么？
作者还讲述了那些事？
那些事是着重记述的？
通过这些事，我们能看出她是怎样一个人？
1、几件小事：
①、喜欢絮叨
②、严格管我
③、睡姿不雅
④、规矩繁琐
⑤、讲“长毛”的故事
⑥、谋害隐鼠
⑦、买回《山海经》
2、两个语段指导朗读
设计说明：
模仿与品读，我把这个设计视为本课中极重要的环节。
以往，我们匆匆地从几个事件中“概括”出结论，而实际上，人物形象可能尚未在学生的脑海里鲜活起来，学生还没对人物产生最起码的兴趣，还没对文本产生最起码的好感，这是很成问题的。通过两次朗读指导，部分地解决这个问题。
a、语段一：
“哥儿，你牢牢记住！”她极其郑重地说。“明天是正月初一，清早一睁开眼睛，第一句话就得对我说：‘阿妈，恭喜恭喜！’记得么？你要记着，这是一年的运气的事情。不许说别的话！说过之后，还得吃一点福橘。”她又拿起那橘子来在我的眼前摇了两摇，“那么，一年到头，顺顺流流。”
提示：
这是一个乡下的粗人、穷苦人，命运的无可把握，使得她们比其他任何人都更加执拗地相信过年的礼数，都更加虔诚地面对神灵偶像，“图个吉利”的心情极为迫切，语气想必是坚决的。但说出来的东西、强作的要求，往往不可能灵验。下文写她仓促的动作、惶急的神态和她的若有要求状，便体现了这一点。所以，这更像是耳边的叮咛、亲密无间的嘱托。除此之外，还要读出长辈的语气、想望的情态（如，“那么，一年到头，顺顺溜溜……”；注意省略号里的自我陶醉）。
b、语段二：
“那里的话？！”她严肃地说。“我们就没有用么？我们也要被掳去。城外有兵来攻的时候，长毛就叫我们脱下裤子，一排一排地站在城墙上，外面的大炮就放不出来；再要放，就炸了！”
提示：
注意此段中的提示语：“严肃”。
注意上文中的“那么，你是不要紧的”。
语气很不平、特较真。觉得受了轻视。
所以，
第一，强调阵势——“一排一排”。
第二，强调后果——“就炸了！”
此处应该模仿得夸张些。
3、概括人物个性：
从以上描述中归纳：
多事、粗俗、迷信、爽直……
探究语言点：
我们看到更多的却是，长妈妈身上“可爱”的坏毛病。
正如文中所说的：
“……我实在不大佩服她”。
只是这段话实在有些啰嗦，最后这句本身也有可疑之处。
——“虽然……但倘使……可只得……”
不便说却还要说，又何必绕这个弯子呢？
结论：
强调了我是个怎样的人——明道德、知廉耻；
可即便是我这样的孩子，都忍受不了长妈妈。
这等于为她的“粗俗”盖棺定论。
补充说明：
至于为什么不直说“讨厌”，而说“实在不大佩服”，验证两点：
第一，和上面的说法相同——“我”是有分寸的。隐忍而委婉。
第二，“我”是有期待的。潜意识里，我还是希望，阿长是个可让我“佩服”的人——就像那位和蔼的叔祖。但她实实在在算不上。这和《从百草园到三味书屋》里的一段话，正有相似之处：“我很想详细地知道这故事，但阿长是不知道的，因为她毕竟不渊博。现在得到机会了，可以问先生。”
导入：
“但是（一再转折）”里的奥秘：
上课中我们看到了长妈妈的多事、粗俗、迷信、爽直。
但是，文中却用了很多“但是”。
请学生说出文中的一连串转折：
——以“虽然我实在不大佩服她”开头。
大致的情形如：
虽然背地里说人长短不是好事情，但倘使要我说句真心话，我可只得说：我实在不大佩服她——
虽然我实在不大佩服她，但她却懂得许多规矩；可虽然她懂得许多规矩，但这些规矩却繁琐之至，至今想起来都觉得非常麻烦；可虽然她的规矩繁琐之至，但我有一时也对她发生过空前的敬意，因为她能对付长毛；可虽然我有一时对她发生过空前的敬意，但这种敬意终于完全消失，因为她谋死了我的隐鼠；可虽然这种敬意完全消失，但我又产生了新的敬意，因为她给我买来了朝思暮想的《山海经》。
（这么多的转折，到底说明了什么呢；长妈妈不变，但我对长妈妈的态度在变？）
初解：
我的眼里阿长不同的两面
前半段写缺，后半段写优
“欲扬先抑”的写法特征
深解：
如此说来，唯有最后一事值得怀念；
那么，是不是这样呢？请看《山海经》一事：
1、从“三哼经”说起——
本课第三次朗读指导，模拟长妈妈的语言。（读出成就感）
提问：
早读课的时候，有同学问我“三哼经”是怎么回事，有谁知道？
结论：
“三哼经”、“有画儿”，可见，从书名到内容长妈妈都不甚了解。
可就是这样一个不识字的长妈妈，就是这样一个对《山海经》缺乏了解的长妈妈，为我买回了渴慕已久的《山海经》。这完全出乎我的预料！完全不可想象！——这就有了当时的“震悚”和事后的感慨：她确有伟大的神力。
2、但是，长妈妈的话还是很可疑，因为：
“但既然来问，也就都对她说了”
如果你期望别人带给你一本心爱的书，你会怎么介绍？
既然“都对她说了”，为什么长妈妈对书名和内容还是知之甚少？
长妈妈来问我时，我到底说了些什么？
想象训练：写一段阿长与我的对话。
提示摘要：
大概是太过于念念不忘了，连阿长也来问《山海经》是怎么一回事。这是我向来没有和她说过的，我知道她并非学者，说了也无益；但既然来问，也就都对她说了。
a、“长妈妈”的称呼略带些客气，“阿长”呢？
b、言语里隐约的意味——随便说说，不抱期望。
c、上文到底写了些什么？（可不可以是种倾诉）
结论：
我根本不可能给阿长这样的“白丁”详细地介绍这本书，
但也绝不像文章表面上看起来的那样，只毫无来由地说说而已。
因为阿长的“保姆”身份，我对于她是有着一份天性的依赖的。
所以我所说的，定是我的渴望、我的急迫、我的无奈、我的烦恼、我的苦楚：
即，我是怎样知晓这本书的，我是如何盼望而不得的，别人对于我的态度等。
我把所有的这些，都对阿长说了。如此看来，
阿长之所以给我买这本书，是因为它的内容丰富吗，是因为它经典独特吗？
是因为她是我的保姆就得处处宠着我、依着我，我要什么她就给什么吗？
不，这根本不重要！重要的是，阿长她深深地感受到：
这，是我的“最爱”。
3、何以见得是“最爱”？“谁”的最爱？
——谁是“我”？我是“谁”？鲁迅？作者？
学生发言；阅读文段，朗读指导：
“这实在是出于我意料之外的……我惧惮她什么呢”
（关键词：伟大的神力、特别的敬意、深不可测、谋害、极严重地诘问）
结论：
这些词语看起来极夸张、极严肃，但在大人们的眼里却童趣无限；无不暗示着，文中的“我”只是一个孩子，我在以孩子的眼光去看待阿长给予我的一切。阿长，给了我难忘的童年；而我，给了阿长什么？
给了她纯洁无暇的童心和真心，给了她天真的崇拜和感激。
为什么课文中出现那么多的转折，不正是因为，那是“孩子”吗？（回解“但是”里的奥秘——孩子不可能把所有事情放到一起，对一个人作一个综合的、整体性的评价；因为“孩子”，那就成了记忆中的点点滴滴，成了怀念中的一幕一幕）
4、用故事里的事，造出美丽与深情的语言：
这是一个（睡觉时会将胳膊搁在我颈子上）的长妈妈。
这是一个（会用她肥胖的身躯在席子上摆“大”字）的长妈妈。
这是一个（过年时会教我许多礼节规矩让我吃福橘）的长妈妈。
这是一个（处处关照我不许我顽皮打我小报告）的长妈妈。
这是一个（善于讲我爱听的长毛故事与美女蛇）的长妈妈。
这是一个（不知道《山海经》为何物却还能给我买来）的长妈妈……
（学生填空）
结论：
这是一个卑微渺小的保姆，这是一个能够贴心贴肺爱我的人，这是善良与仁厚，这是“阿长与《山海经》”（解题：为什么不是“长妈妈与《山海经》”）。我们的一生中，这样的人还能有几个！他们也许就是我们的外公外婆，也许就是我们的爷爷奶奶，他们也许贫穷，也许弱小，他们也许健在，也许死去，但，他们一直与我们同行，一直默默地注视着我们成长。如果斯人已逝，请让我们说一声：
仁厚黑暗的地母啊，愿在你怀里永安她（他）的魂灵！
（个读、范读、齐读）
5、回解两个文段：
①、长妈妈真的有“伟大的神力”吗？
——当然有，这毫无疑问！这个神力就是长妈妈对我的爱。
②、文段：
“我很愿意看看这样的图画，但……两家书店都紧紧地关着门”。
所谓“疏懒”——
说得含蓄点是“疏懒”，说直接点，是这位和我们相处和睦的老先生也未留心于我的心事、我的需要。
所谓“不肯真实地回答”——
说得好听点是“不肯真实地回答”，说难听点，是没人愿搭理我这个小屁孩的一点点小小的请求。对于《山海经》这孩子的玩物，他们是不屑的，才会故弄玄虚，不肯真实地回答我。
然而，阿长却来了……
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇十
1、学习本文抓住人物特征刻画人物的方法。
2、学习本文欲扬先抑的写法。
3、体会文章中蕴含的思想感情。
学习本文欲扬先抑的写法及抓住人物特点刻画人物的方法，把握文章中蕴含的思想感情。
一、复习旧知，导人本课。
在鲁迅先生的散文《从百草园到三味书屋》里，鲁迅除写了自己的老师寿镜吾先生之外，还写到了—个人，这个人是谁呢?对，是长妈妈，她讲的美女蛇的故事真是神秘莫测，给百草园蒙上一层神秘的面纱。那么，长妈妈是一个什么样的人呢?我们—起来看课文
板书标题、作者，指定学生简介作者。
二、查字典，掌握下列词语。
骇掳悚惶急疮疤诘问渴慕霹雳烦琐惧惮
三、认真阅读课文，看看文章围绕阿长写了哪些事，重点写的是什么。
文章先介绍了人们对长妈妈的称呼，称呼的由来和她外形的特点，以及她的一些不好的习惯。如写她喜欢“切切察察”、喜欢“告状”、睡觉爱摆“大”字等；接着写她懂得的许多“我听不耐烦”的规矩。比如元旦、除夕吃福橘、人死了要说“老掉了”等；最后写了长妈妈“我”买《山海经》的事，而且叙述得很详细，是课文记叙的重点。
思考：课文对哪些内容详写?哪些内容写得比较简单?为什么这样安排?
略写了阿长的称呼的来历、“切切察察”的毛病、摆成“大”字的睡相、令人讨厌的种种规矩、“长毛”的往事，详写了为“我”买《山海经》一事。略写的那些内容能使人对长妈妈有个初步了解，她的外形特征，真实地反映长妈妈的—些毛病，但这些并不能削弱对阿长妈妈的敬意，而详写买《山海经》一事，却令人对长妈妈刮目相看，在作者看来“别人不肯做，或不能做的事情，她却能够做成功”，我们可以想到幼小的鲁迅对长妈妈的敬佩和感激之情。
一、仔细研读课文第1—5自然段，从这几个自然段的描写中，长妈妈有什么特点?作者为什么要这样写?
从这几个自然段的描写中，可以了解到长妈妈“生得黄胖而矮”；喜欢“切切察察”；对“我”管得很严，喜欢到母亲那儿告“我”的状；夏天睡觉喜欢在床中间摆“大”字，挤得“我”无法翻身。这些描写真切生动，作者采用戏谑的口吻来描写，又显得很风趣，刻画出长妈妈饶舌多事而又不拘小节的性格特征。
二、分角色朗读6—17自然段，长妈妈懂得哪些“我”所不耐烦的规矩?从对这些规矩的描写中可以看出长妈妈什么样的性格特点?
1．元旦除夕吃福橘，说是吃了它，一年到头，顺顺溜溜……
寄托着长妈妈善良真诚的愿望!她希望自己和孩子“一年到头，顺顺流流”，这其中更重要的是孩子，因为并不是些自己吃福橘，而是由她“塞在我的嘴里”。
2．说人死了必须说“老掉了”；死了人，生了孩子的屋子里，不应该走进去；饭粒落在地上，
必须拣起来，最好是吃下去；晒裤子用的竹竿底下，是万不可钻过去的……
从对这些烦琐的规矩的描写中可以看出：长妈妈是关心爱护“我”的，不然她也不会这样“切切察察”、不厌其烦地告诫“我”。
3．作者还用诙谐的笔墨叙述长妈妈讲“长毛”的故事。
使人看到了长妈妈的无知、淳朴。这在一个孩子的眼中，她有“伟大的神力”，从此对于她就有了“特别的敬意”。
三、齐读第18—28自然段，指名学生复述长妈妈为“我”买《山海经》的起因、经过、结果。
起因：“我”曾在远房的叔祖那里看到过，后来一直渴慕着绘图的仙海经》。叫远房叔祖那儿已无处可寻，买吧，又没有好机会。因此，“我”对《山海经》一直念念不忘。
经过：阿长向“我”问《山海经》的事，她告假回家以后的四五天，她将《山海经》给“我”买来了。
结果：“我”深受感动，从而不由得对长妈妈产生了新的敬意。文中用一个“霹雳”的比喻和词语“震惊”写出了“我”十分震惊的心理，也表现了“我”对长妈妈产生“新的敬意”的原因。作者得到绘图〈山海经〉的欣喜之态宛然可见。
四、文中哪些地方抒写了作者这种怀念之情?有感情地朗读出来。
最后两个自然段，直接抒发了对长妈妈的深切怀念之情。文章最后一句“仁厚黑暗的地母啊，愿在你的怀里永安她的魂灵!”这正是作者深沉怀念的真实写照。
五、文章中我对长妈妈的感情前后有什么变化？前半部分充满贬义的文字后面，你能感受到作者对阿长的同情与怀念么？
态度变化：不大佩服她——特别的敬意——这种敬意逐渐淡薄，最终完全消失——发生新的敬意。“憎恶、讨厌”是儿时的心理，在具体的描写中流露出同情和怀念。鲁迅透露了阿长的身世，就表明她的粗俗是情有可原的。她的管教很不合儿童的心理，但心是好的。她青年守寡，非常不幸，只求一年顺顺溜溜，鲁迅在具体描写中饱含同情。
六、作者怎样刻画阿长这一人物形象的？
外貌、动作、语言。
七、总结全文。
从整体说来，本文诙谐而富有情趣，但又不失深沉庄重。“切切察察”的神态，睡相的描写，吃福橘日于的紧张心情，“长毛”的故事等，读后令人捧腹开怀，忍俊不禁。可是，当长
妈妈为“我”买回《山海经》后，作者的感情变得深沉庄重，深切怀念之情流露于字里行间，这种色彩的变化，使得作者对长妈妈的感情表达得更加真实感人。
在你的童年生活中，有没有象阿长那样关心你、并给你留下深刻印象的普通人？你是怎样看待他们的？写一篇小作文，和同学交流。尽可能写得真实、生动、传神。
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇十一
1、诵读感知课文，理清文章的思路，体会先抑后扬的表现手法。
2、理解文中带有感情色彩的词句，把握作者情感变化的过程。
3、认识人物的品格风貌，体会作者对长妈妈的怀念、同情和赞美之情。
4、学习课文围绕中心选择材料，真实、生动、传神地刻画人物的方法。
文章围绕阿长写了哪些事，重点写了什么，从这些事中可以看出阿长什么样的性格特征。找出表现作者对待长妈妈情感态度变化的语句，学习欲扬先抑的表现手法，体会“抑”中的“扬”。
两课时。
1、学生利用工具书掌握以下字词。
骇掳悚惶急疮疤诘问渴慕霹雳疏懒惧惮孤孀
2、复习回顾《从百草园到三味书屋》。
作者是以一个儿童的视角来写这
篇文章的：先写他“憎恶”阿长、“讨厌”阿长等，但在结尾处却说“仁厚黑暗的地母啊，愿在你怀里永安她的魂灵”，抒发出一种深沉的怀念之情，对于这种情感的变化，要指导学生阅读，组织学生讨论，研读赏析，从而充分体会欲扬先抑的表现手法，同时也可联系自己的生活实际，拓展延伸，谈谈自己对生活中像阿长一样的普通人的感想和思考。
一、联系体会，激趣引读。同学们，还记得《从百草园到三味书屋》中那个神秘可怕的美女蛇故事吧
是啊，美女蛇的故事给百草园增添了无限的神秘情趣，那么大家还记得讲故事的长妈妈吗？
二、诵读积累，整体感知。
1、学生全体朗读课文，认真体会文章中所蕴涵的情感，感受作者的情怀。
并思考：作者是怀着怎样的心情的去写的？（怀念）
2、
本文围绕长妈妈写了哪几件事？重点写哪些事情？你能概述一下吗？
a、交待“阿长”的来历；b、阿长喜欢切切察察和她夏天的睡态；c、她懂得许多规矩；d、讲“长毛”的故事；e、给“我”买《山海经》。其中给我买来《山海经》一事是重点。三、合作探究，微观体察。
设置问题情景一：
♂文章围绕阿长写了那么多的事，那么在你的眼里，阿长是怎样一个人呢
根据你对课文的理解，可用“阿长是一个 的人”说话。可以用课文中的词句，也可以自己概括，可以从外貌、身份、细节、性格等各方面说，从而全方位感知阿长。
学生可能会这样说：阿长是一个一向带领着我的人；阿长是一个黄胖而矮的人；阿长是一个别人不注意姓名的人；阿长是一个喜欢切切察察的人；阿长是一个睡相不好的人；阿长是一个不许我走动的人；阿长是一个懂得许多规矩的人；阿长是一个烦琐之至的人；阿长是一个迷信的人；阿长是一个善良的人；阿长是一个朴实的人；阿长是一个热情为“我”着想的人；阿长是一个具有伟大神力的人；……
教师
小结：长妈妈有无知可笑、愚昧落后的缺点，但更有着纯朴、善良、仁慈的美德。
设置问题情景二：♂教师：总之，阿长是一个好人，但又不是十全十美的人，她是一个复杂的人。那么这样一个人，作者对她的感情怎样呢？（试从课文中标出表示作者对阿长感情的词句。）
讨论明确：作者对阿长的感情是变化的，从“不大佩服——不耐烦——空前敬意——新的敬意。”
♂1—17段对阿长多用抑笔，大写他如何“憎恶”“讨厌”阿长，但在这些充满贬义的文字后面，你能感受到作者对阿长的同情和怀念吗？
讨论交流：“憎恶“”讨厌“是儿时的心理，鲁迅在具体描写中却流露着同情和怀念。鲁迅透露了阿长的身世，就是表明她的粗俗是情有可原的。她的管教很不适合儿童心里，但心是好的。她青年守寡，非常不幸，出来做女工，没有别的奢望，“但求顺顺流流”，鲁迅在具体的描写中包含同情。
设置问题情景三：
♂你是怎样理解作者的感情的
参考：文章自始至终一直在刻画他对孩子的关心爱护的品质：从她“不许我动”到吃福桔的祝福，以及“晒裤子用的竹竿底下，是万不可钻过去的”道理和后来买《山海经》中都充分体现出来。所以她虽然饶舌、多事、有许多令人生烦的规矩和道理，但又爽朗、热心、乐于助人、关心爱护孩子。
设置问题情景四：♂你认为
本文的题目好不好为什么
对于买《山海经》，作者用了相当多的篇幅和非常具体的细节描写，作者只是随意的告诉阿长《山海经》的事，他却真的买了回来，这令作者对他产生了衷心的敬意。体现了这位长妈妈的善良、热心和对孩子关心、爱护。
四、语言品味，方法借鉴。♂
本文的语言有的含义深刻，有的诙谐幽默，有的感情浓烈，请你细细品味，你将会感受到无穷妙趣。请同学们试着美读自己喜欢的语句，小组交流，并说出喜欢的理由。
例1：“这实在是出于我意想之外的，不能不惊异。我一向只以为她满肚子是麻烦的礼节罢了，却不料她还有这样伟大的神力。从此对于她就有物特别的敬意，似乎实在深不可测；夜间的伸开手脚，占领全床，那当然是情有可原了，倒应该我退让。”这是“我”听了长妈妈给“我”讲了长毛的故事之后的心理反应的一段文字中，作者以儿童的心理来认识长妈妈的“伟大神力”，实际上是对长妈妈的愚昧迷信以一种苦笑进行讽刺。整段文字寓庄于谐，增添了幽默风趣之感。
例2：“别人不肯做，或不能做的事，她却能够做成功。她确有伟大的神力。谋害隐鼠怨恨，从此完全消灭了”。
这是对长妈妈能做成“别人不肯做，或不能做的事”的“伟大神力”，中华民族“最值的宝贵的民魂”：对青少年的关心爱护和脚踏实地的“实干”
精神的歌颂。
♂作者在刻画长妈妈的形象时，采用了多种方法，使人物形象生动、鲜明。你能分析一下吗？a、传神的描写：
①细节描写：
②
本文中对人物的语言描写和动作描写别具特色。
③心理描写，突出中心。b、对比、映衬法：
本文中将“叔祖”与长妈妈进行了对比，突出了长妈妈对“我”的热情和关心，《山海经》的模样和“宝书”进行对比映衬，突出“宝”的特殊意义。
视“长妈妈”给“我”买书的伟大神力为“宝”，视《山海经》的内容为“宝”。c、先抑后扬法：使描写的人物形象给人意外的惊喜和惊叹，起到出乎意外的效果，使人物形象更加真实可感，鲜明突出。这种写法可以使文章有层次，形成跌宕。
五、体验拓展，互动释疑。
1、体验拓展：
♂在你的童年生活中，有没有像阿长这样给你留下深刻印象的普通人？你怎样看待他们？谈一谈你的想法和感受。四人一组讨论交流。
♂我们假设阿长现在还健在，她读了鲁迅这
篇文章，会对鲁迅说什么？
请同学们紧扣课文内容与人物性格特征，放飞想象的翅膀，赋予人物新的时代特色。代长妈妈说的话：哥儿啊，我虽无名无姓，但经你一写，现在也成了名人了，可是你说我无名无姓，生得黄胖而矮倒也罢了，怎么连颈上的灸疮疤也写进去了呢？说我规矩多、烦琐、迷信也罢了，那时谁不迷信啊？可是你，怎么连我睡相不好这种私事都写进去了呢？特别是给你讲长毛故事时，讲的将我们掳去后，让我们脱下裤子站在墙头，大炮就放不出来，你也照实写下来了，你不怕人笑话我还怕人笑话呢！
♂写阿长买《山海经》的笔墨并不多，这就给读者留下了一个想像的空间，大家想像一下她是怎样到处打听，怎样跑书店书摊，操了多少心才买到这本书的先自己想一想，然后四人小组交流，并选出代表全班交流。
2、互动释疑：将自己不懂的地方提出来，与小组、班级同学共同探究解疑。
六、交流
心得，课外延伸。
1、交流心得：学了
本文后，你有哪些收获呢？
长妈妈这个人物写得栩栩如生。这是生活中真实的阿长，都是“从记忆中抄出来的”事实。尽管阿长有这样那样的不足，作者写得却十分亲切自然，读者从她身上看到了那种难能可贵的纯朴和直率。《山海经》是作者“最初得到，最为心爱的宝书”，他将对长妈妈的感激变成永久的怀念，以浓情的笔墨为长妈妈的在天之灵祝福。从整体说来，
本文诙谐而富有情趣．但又不失深沉庄重。“切切察察”的神态，睡相的描写，吃福橘时的紧张心情，“长毛”的故事，读后令人捧腹开怀，忍俊不禁。可是，当长妈妈为“我”买回《山海经》后，作者的感情变得深沉庄重，深切怀念之情流露于字里行间，这种色彩的变化，使得作者对长妈妈的感情表达得更加真实感人。
2、课外延伸：①当有一天阿长为“我”买到绘图的《山海经》时，如果“我”想对她说句话，会是什么话请写几句话表达一下。
②以《阿长买<山海经>》为题，写一
篇300字的想像短文。
③以《我熟悉的一个人》为题，写一篇文章，不少于500字。
④课外可推荐鲁迅先生的散文集《朝花夕拾》或散文诗集《野草》让学生阅读。下面是选自《野草》的《好的故事》，读后思考：“好的故事”是否记叙了一个故事它表达了作者怎样的情感
好的故事 鲁迅灯火渐渐地缩小了，在预告石油已经不多；石油又不是老牌，早熏得灯罩很昏暗。鞭爆的繁响在四近，烟草的烟雾在身边：是昏沉的夜。我闭了眼睛，向后一仰，靠在椅靠上；捏着《初学记》的手搁在膝髁上。
我在朦胧中，看见一个好的故事。
这故事很美丽，幽雅、有趣。许多美的人和美的事，错综起来像一片云锦，而且万颗奔星似的飞动着，同时又展开去，以至于无穷。
我仿佛记得曾经坐小船经过山阴道，两岸边的乌桕，新禾，野花，鸡，狗，丛树和枯树，茅屋，塔，伽蓝，农夫和农妇，村女，晒着的衣裳，和尚，蓑笠，天，云，竹……都倒影在澄碧的小河中，随着每一打桨，各各夹带了闪烁的日光，并水里的萍藻游鱼，一同荡漾。诸影诸物：无不解散，而且摇动，扩大，互相融合；刚一融和，却又退缩，复近于原形。边缘都参差如夏云头，镶着日光，发出水银色焰。凡是我所经过的河，都是如此。
现在我所见的故事也如此。水中的青天的底子，一切事物统在上面交错，织成一
篇，水是生动，水是展开，我看不见这一
篇的结束。
河边的枯柳树下的几株瘦削的一丈红，该是村女种的罢。大红花和斑红花，都在水里面浮动，忽而碎散，拉长了，缕缕的胭脂水，然而没有晕。茅屋、狗、塔、村女、云……也都浮动着。大红花一朵朵全被拉长了，这时是泼剌奔迸的红锦带。带织入狗中，狗织入白云中，白云织入村女中……在一瞬间，他们又将退缩了。但斑红花影也已碎散，伸长，就要织进塔、村女、狗、茅屋、云里去。现在我所见的故事清楚起来了，美丽、典雅、有趣，而且分明。青天上面，有无数美的人和美的故事，我一一看见，一一知道。我就要凝视他们……我正要凝视他们时，骤然一惊，睁开眼，云锦也已皱蹙，凌乱，仿佛有谁掷一块大石下河水中，水波陡然起立，将整
篇的影子撕成片片了。我无意识地赶忙捏住几乎坠地的《初学记》，眼前还剩着几点虹霓色的碎影。
我真爱这一篇好的故事，趁碎影还在，我要追回他，完成他，留下他。我抛了书，欠身伸手去取笔，——何尝有一丝碎影，只见昏暗的灯光，我不在小船里了。但我总记得见过一
篇好的故事，在昏沉的夜……
附：板书设计阿长与《山海经》
阿长 烦琐、愚昧、迷信 善良、朴实、真诚
情感 不大佩服——不耐烦——空前敬意——新的敬意
细节 竖手指、睡觉姿态、古怪仪式、讲长毛
手法 先抑后扬
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇十二
1、诵读感知课文，理清文章的思路，体会先抑后扬的表现手法。
2、理解文中带有感情色彩的词句，把握作者情感变化的过程。
3、认识人物的品格风貌，体会作者对长妈妈的怀念、同情和赞美之情。
4、学习课文围绕中心选择材料，真实、生动、传神地刻画人物的方法。
1、诵读感知课文，理清文章的思路，体会先抑后扬的表现手法。
2、理解文中带有感情色彩的词句，把握作者情感变化的过程。
二课时
一、复习旧知，导入本课。
在鲁迅先生的散文《从百草园到三味书屋》里，鲁迅除写了自己的老师寿镜吾先生之外，还写到了一个人，这个人是谁呢?对，是长妈妈，她讲的美女蛇的故事真是神秘莫测，给百草园蒙上一层神秘的面纱。那么，长妈妈是万个什么样的人呢?我们一起来看课文。
二、指定学生简介作者。
鲁迅(1881—1936)原名周树人，我国伟大的文学家、思想家、革命家。代表作：小说集《呐喊》、《彷徨》，散文集《朝花夕拾》。我们以前学习过他的什么作品?
三、检查预习。
1、注音
骇掳悚惶急疮疤诘问渴慕疏懒霹雳孤孀惧惮
2、解释词语
识文断字：知晓文字。
面如土色：脸色跟土一样，没有血色。形容极端惊恐。
情有可原：按情理或情节来看，尚有可以原谅之处。
诘问：责问
渴慕：非常思慕。
四、整体感知
过渡：题目是《阿长与<山海经>》，阿长是谁?(鲁迅的保姆)，《山海经》是一部什么书?(《山海经》是我国古代的一部地理著作)。到底发生了什么事，把这似乎毫不相干的两者连在了一起?(阿长为“我”买了《山海经》)，那我们就直入正题阅读这一部分。
(一)请一位同学朗读这一部分，其他同学思考以下几个问题：
1、当阿长来问《山海经》是怎么一回事时，“我”是怎样想的?这种想法表现了“我”的什么心理?
明确：。“我”想“她并非学者，说了也无益”。之所以这样想，是因为阿长不识字，没文化，既不知道《山海经》是怎样的一部书，更何况她一向似乎并不善于关心“我”，因此她也不会理解“我”渴望得到《山海经》的心情。这表明“我”对阿长心存隔膜乃至轻视。
2、当阿长说“哥儿，有画儿的‘三哼经’我给你买来了”，“我”有什么反应?表现出怎样的心情?
明确：当阿长买来《山海经》时，我的反应是：“我似乎遇着了一个霹雳，全体都震悚起来”，“这又使我发生新的敬意了，别人不肯做，或不能做的事，她却能够做成功。她确有伟大的神力。谋害隐鼠的怨恨，从此完全消灭了。”真可谓又惊又喜，感激不尽。
3、怎样理解文中说的“确有伟大的神力”?
明确：因为这件事“别人不肯做”，谁也没有阿长那样知“我”心，谁也没有阿长那么热心;别人也“不能做”，有画的《山海经》很难找，要跑多少路，打听多少地方，谁能像阿长这么给“我”操心费事，况且阿长不识字，居然买来了。所以说，阿长“确有伟大的神力”。
4、“这四本书，乃是我最初得到，最为心爱的宝书。”为什么这么说?
明确：这四本书虽然很粗拙，但却是由一个谁也想不到的人我买来的，当时给了我非常大的震动，让我产生过感激和“新的敬意”
5、文章写阿长买《山海经》的笔墨不多，用的是一种叙述语言。发挥你的想象和联想，将她买《山海经》的过程补充出来。
(二)从这个部分中我们可以看出阿长是怎样的一个人，我对她倾注了怎样的感情?
明确：“哥儿”的称呼，有地方特色，但更透着阿长对我的亲热、疼爱之情。“三哼经”的说法非常传神地展现了一个不识字的普通妇女形象。但就是这么一个不识字的人竟给我买到了《山海经》。展现了阿长虽然不识字没文化但却淳朴、热心、关爱孩子的形象特征。鲁迅对阿长充满了敬意、怀念、感激之情。
五、小结
这部分围绕阿长的淳朴热心、关爱孩子的性格特点写了阿长给我买《山海经》一事，通过具体的细节描写，生动传神地刻画出了一个善良、仁慈、关爱孩子的长妈妈的高大形象。
一、复习上节课内容
从阿长为“我”买《山海经》这件事我们可以看出她是一个怎样的人?“我”对她倾注了怎样的感情?(学生回答)
二、合作探究
1、那从课文中我们看到“我”对阿长一直都保持着这样一种感情吗?我们来看一下起初在“我”印象中阿长是怎样的一个人，“我”对她持怎样的一种态度和情感。
明确：
事件阿长的性格“我”的态度
喜欢切切察察不许我走动、说我玩皮饶舌多事不拘小节“实在不大佩服她
睡觉摆“大”字
懂得许多规矩
如吃福橘迷信但真诚、善良、“烦琐之至”、“非常麻烦”
教给我很多道理关心爱护孩子
讲“长毛”的故事无知淳朴“空前的敬意”
买《山海经》关心爱护、热情善良“新的敬意”
2、从整篇文章入手，我们可以看出作者对长妈妈有怎样的感情?
明确：刻画阿长这一封建社会的普通劳动妇女形象，刻画出了一个淳朴热情、善良仁慈、关爱小孩的长妈妈形象，抒发了自己对长妈妈的尊敬、感激和思念之情及深深的怀念。
3、作者要抒发自己对长妈妈的怀念和感激之情，可文章开头却谈到自己“实在不大佩服她”、嫌麻烦，这是种什么写法?这样写有什么好处?
明确：先抑后扬。这样欲褒先贬，使描写的人物形象给人意外的惊喜和惊叹，起到出乎意外的效果，使人物形象更加真实可感、鲜明突出。
三、小结
她虽饶舌、多事、有许多令人生烦的规矩和道理，但爽朗、热心、乐于助人、关心爱护孩子;她虽有无知可笑、愚昧落后的缺点，但更有着淳朴、善良、仁慈的美德。所以鲁迅在没有专文写过自己的母亲的情况下，写下了这篇怀念保姆的文章。“仁厚黑暗的地母呵，原在你怀里永安她的魂灵!”伴着鲁迅先生深情地祈祷，我们也深深地祝福长妈妈
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇十三
《阿长和<山海经>》是一篇叙事散文，文中鲁迅以一个孩子的视角回忆了他儿时的保姆——长妈妈，表现了对她深厚真挚的怀念，同时也寄予了对中国没有文化又愚昧善良的劳动人民妇女的同情。这篇散文语言朴实，含而不露，幽默的调侃下蕴含着对阿长善良淳朴品格的赞美。在教学中，教师应引导学生读懂这幽默批判下的亲厚情感。
教学的起点
学生对这篇文章感兴趣，愿意读。
学生能读懂文章的故事，感知到鲁迅对于长妈妈的怀念。
学生对于“审醜”的散文不大了解，不能很好把握长妈妈粗俗愚昧和善良淳朴之间的矛盾和统一。
教学的终点
通过对课文的阅读和思考，获得自己的见解，运用合作探究，课堂对话的方式进行交流，最终准确把握课文内容及作者所要表达的情感。
运用圈点批注法细读课文，通过对关键字词的把握和分析，加深对课文中人物形象的理解。
对于“审醜”的散文有粗浅的了解，初步学习用还原的方法深入解读课文。
学会从日常小事中体会熟悉的人的美好品质，发现平凡人身上的闪光点。
探究法
对话法
讲读法
一、导入
谈话导入：
回忆如果让你写印象深刻的一个人，你会写谁呢？鲁迅先生的记忆中也有对他重要的人，重要的事，他把这些记忆中的花瓣集合集合起来，编了一本书，叫《朝花夕拾》，今天我们要读的《阿长和山海经》就是其中之一。
切题导入
阿长山海经 为什么以一个人和一本书为题呢？他们之间有什么联系？这二者对于作者又有怎样的意义？
能引起阅读的兴趣，已经是个好题目
二、自读课文，整体感知
1、用自己喜欢的方式阅读课文。
2、讨论交流：你是否喜欢这篇文章？
你是否喜欢长妈妈这个人？
作者喜欢她吗？少年时代的我，对长妈妈是什么样的感情？（到底是轻视还是敬佩？）
三、再读课文，小组探究
1、再次阅读课文，圈点批注
把“我”对长妈妈的观感发展和变化的关键词找出来。
为什么不写长妈妈的外貌，却大费笔墨写她的名字？
2、小组探究
3、全班讨论
问题1：
第一阶段：一般印象
不佩服、最讨厌、无法可想（读一读这一段，用还原法，说话时&没有礼貌、没有文化、不够文明；睡觉时&不够称职，跟她说她又听不懂）
第二阶段：矛盾加深
磨难（信念、冰冷的福橘&迷信，对生活只期望“顺顺溜溜”，把希望寄托在小孩子的一句话上）
第三阶段：一个转折
特别的敬意、伟大的神力（讲了一个荒诞的故事&我们怎么评价这个故事荒谬—但是年少的我听得非常认真，好像真有那么一回事似的，我不怕，因为我不是门房，不掳了她去，因为她不是门房，又不好看，听说她能让大炮爆炸，产生了特别的敬意，觉得占领全床也是应该的。越是讲得荒谬，越是听得当真，这就有点幽默了。有一个问题：阿长觉得这荒谬吗？成年的鲁迅呢？他是以什么样的态度来写这个事呢？调侃，温和地讽刺）
怨恨（谋死了我的隐鼠）
第四阶段：又一个大的转折
空前的敬意（没有反语调侃的意思，非常感动）
那么总结一下，长妈妈是个怎样的人呢？
没有文化，愚昧迷信然而淳朴善良，真心关爱孩子
作者对她是怀念的
那么为什么要把她写醜呢？为什么不美化她？
插入讲：审美的散文之外，有审“醜”的散文，醜的意思是不好看，不美，但这不美之下，又潜藏又美的情感。（举例灰太狼）在作者幽默的调侃下，生动的形象浮现在我们眼前，深厚的情感蕴含在我们心中了。
问题2：
为了交代阿长的名字，居然用了两大段，是不是太繁琐了？鲁迅不是说，写好了文章后至少要看两遍，将可有可无的东西删去吗？
用还原法：正常情况下，可以把他人的名字安在自己头上么？什么样的人会允许他人这样做？社会地位卑微的，不被尊重的。（哀其不幸）
长妈妈是一个典型代表，鲁迅借长妈妈，也表达了对旧社会没有文化、没有地位的劳动妇女的同情。（又有温和的讽刺）
四、结语
学习了这篇课文，相信长妈妈睡觉时候的“大”字，不辞劳苦给我买《三哼经》的形象留驻在了我们心中，人无完人，我们生活中也有许多同时具有毛病和美德的平凡人，请同学们到生活中去观察，去发现，你们一定也写出这样好的文章。
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇十四
新授。
：《阿长与《山海经》》是鲁教版语文七年级下册第七课，是鲁迅先生的文章。这是一篇纪实性的文章。文章几乎是按生活原样，真实而亲切地再现了鲁迅童年与长妈妈相处的情景。在鲁迅的童年生活中，长妈妈是一个很有影响的人物。她饶舌、多事，有许多繁文缛节，但又爽朗、热情、乐于助人，有着淳朴、宽厚、善良、仁慈的美德。作者通过儿时往事的回忆，表达了对这样一个劳动妇女的深深地怀念之情。
1、知识与能力目标：掌握生字词；有感情的朗读课文，正确领会长妈妈这一人物形象。
2、过程与方法目标：了解课文围绕中心选择材料、安排材料，详略得当的写作特点；学习选取典型事例表现人物性格的手法，品味细节描写。
3、情感态度和价值观目标：分析人物形象，把握文章中心，理解文章所表达的思想感情。
分析人物形象，把握文章中心，理解文章所表达的思想感情；了解课文围绕中心选择材料、安排材料，详略得当的写作特点。
理解文章所表达的思想感情；了解课文围绕中心选择材料、安排材料，详略得当的写作特点。
朗读法、引导法、讨论法。
1、学生准备：学生搜集有关“阿长和《山海经》”的资料。
2、教师准备：多媒体课件。
两课时。
第一课时：
一、创设情境，激情导入
（一）导语
在鲁迅先生的散文《从百草园到三味书屋》里，鲁迅除写了自己的老师寿镜吾先生之外，还写到了一个人，这个人是谁呢？对，是长妈妈，她讲的美女蛇的故事真是神秘莫测，给百草园蒙上一层神秘的面纱。那么，长妈妈是万个什么样的人呢？我们一起来看课文。板书标题、作者，
（二）作者介绍
指定学生简介作者。
（三）出示教学目标
（四）检查预习情况
学生借助工具书解决字词：骇掳悚煌急疮疤诘问渴慕霹雳烦琐惧惮。
二、初读课文，整体感知
1、认真阅读课文，看看文章围绕阿长写了哪些事？
明确：文章先介绍了人们对长妈妈的称呼，称呼的由来和她外形的特点，以及她的一些不好的习惯。如写她喜欢“切切察察”、喜欢“告状”、睡觉爱摆“大”字等；接着写她懂得的许多“我听不耐烦”的规矩。比如元旦、除夕吃福橘、人死了要说“老掉了”等；最后写了长妈妈为“我”买《山海经》的事。
2、思考：课文对哪些内容详写？哪些内容写得比较简单？为什么这样安排？
明确：略写了阿长的称呼的来历、“切切察察”的毛病、摆成“大”字的睡相、令人讨厌的种种规矩、“长毛”的往事，详写了为“我”买《山海经》一事。略写的那些内容能使人对长妈妈有个初步了解，她的外形特征，真实地反映长妈妈的一些毛病，但这些并不能削弱对阿长妈妈的敬意，而详写买《山海经》一事，却令人对长妈妈刮目相看，在作者看来“别人不肯做，或不能做的事情，她却能够做成功”，我们可以想到幼小的鲁迅对长妈妈的敬佩和感激之情。
三、精读课文，研读赏析
分角色朗读6－17自然段。
思考：长妈妈懂得哪些“我”所不耐烦的规矩？运用了哪些描写方法？从对这些规矩的描写中可以看出长妈妈什么样的性格特点？
1、元旦除夕哈福橘，说是吃了它，一年到头，顺顺溜溜。
2、说人死了必须说“老掉了”；死了人，生了孩子的屋子里，不应该走进去；饭粒落在地上，必须拣起来，最好是吃下去；晒裤子用的竹竿底下，是万不可钻过去的……。从对这些烦琐的规矩的描写中可以看出：长妈妈是关心爱护“我”的，不然她也不会这样“切切察察”、不厌其烦地告诫“我”。
3、作者还用诙谐的笔墨叙述长妈妈讲“长毛”的故事，令人捧腹的同时，又使人看到了长妈妈的无知、淳朴。这在一个孩子的眼中，她有“伟大的神力”，从此对于她就有了“特别的敬意”。
运用了外貌描写、动作描写、语言描写。
四、质疑问难，合作探究
师：这篇课文中，你还有哪些问题不明白？提出来大家一起解决。
生提出问题，师生合作探究，共同解决。
师补充：文中描写了长妈妈塞给“我”福橘的往事，是怎样描写的？她的这一举动寄托了她怎样的愿望？
生回答后，师明确：
文中写她“立刻伸出臂膊，一把将我按住”“惶急地看着我”。“她又有所要求似的。摇着我的肩”。焦急的神态跃然纸上。而当“我”说：“阿妈，，恭喜……”之后，“她于是十分欢喜似的，笑将起来，同时将一点冰冷的东西，塞在我的嘴里。”欣喜之态溢于言表。作者虽然认为这是“元旦辟头的磨难”，但正是这“磨难”中，寄托着长妈妈怎样善良真诚的愿望啊！她希望自己和孩子“一年到头，顺顺流流”，这其中更重要的是孩子，因为并不是她自己吃福橘，而是由她“塞在我的嘴里”。
五、拓展延伸
元旦的古怪仪式中，特别传神的是第二天清早阿长的惶急情景，这里只有动作和神情，动作先是“将我按住”，再是“摇我的肩”，神情是“惶急地看着我”，此时真是无声胜有声，有丰富的潜台词，你设想一下，阿长心里最想说什么？
六、课堂总结
1、学生谈收获。
2、教师结束语：鲁迅笔下的长妈妈，她虽然多事饶舌，有些令人厌烦的规矩，但她真诚、善良淳朴、关心孩子，尽自己的可能帮助孩子，这样的人，怎能不让鲁迅深深地怀念呢？
七、布置作业《导与学》。
第二课时：
一、复习导入长妈妈给人的初步印象是什么？（指名回答）
长妈妈喜欢饶舌多事、不拘小节。无知、淳朴，关心爱护我。那么，长妈妈还具有哪些性格特征呢？最让“我”对她产生敬意的是什么呢？
二、精读课文，研读赏析
齐读第18－28自然段。
1、这里，作者详细叙述了长妈妈为“我”买《山海经》的经过。指名学生复述买书的起因、经过、结果。
事情的起因：“我”曾在远房的叔祖那里看到过，后来一直渴慕着绘图的《山海经》。可远房叔祖那儿已无处可寻，买吧，又没有好机会。因此，“我”对《山海经》一直念念不忘。
经过：阿长向“我”问《山海经》的事，她告假回家以后的四五天，她将《山海经》给“我”买来了。
结果：“我”深受感动，从而不由得对长妈妈产生了新的敬意。
小结：文中用一个“霹雳”的比喻和词语“震惊”写出了“我”十分震惊的心理，也表现了“残’对长妈妈产生“新的敬意’物原因。作者得到绘图《山海经》的欣喜之态宛然可见。
2、当阿长来问《山海经》是怎么一回事时，“我”是怎样想的？这种想法表现了“我”的什么心理？
3、当阿长说“哥儿，有画儿的‘三哼经’我给你买来了”，“我”有什么反应？表现出怎样的心情？
4、“这又使我发生新的敬意了，别人不肯做，或不能做的事，她却能够做成功。她确有伟大的神力。”为什么会产生“新的敬意”？为什么说“她确有伟大的神力”？
5、“这四本书，乃是我最初得到，最为心爱的宝书。”为什么这么说？
6、文中哪句话抒发了作者对长妈妈的怀念之情？
7、划出描写阿长的句子，判断这些句子运用了哪几种描写方法？
8、分析“哥儿，有画儿的‘三哼经’我给你买来了”一句有哪些精妙之处，写出了人物的哪些特点？
解决问题，学生自由讨论，老师归纳作答。
明确2、“我知道她并非学者，说了也无益；但既然来问，也就都对她说了。”说明我对从她那里得到《山海经》没抱任何希望，只是说说而已。
3、“我似乎遇着了一个霹雳，全体都震悚起来；赶紧去接过来，打开纸包。”说明我听到以后很震惊，很感动，表现了我极度惊喜、兴奋的心情。
4、为我买来《山海经》，她确有伟大的神力。别人不肯做，或不能做的事，她却能够做成功。
5、这四本书虽然很粗拙，但却是由一个谁也想不到的人我买来的，当时给了我非常大的震动，让我产生过感激和“新的敬意”
6、明确问题五：仁厚黑暗的地母啊，愿在你怀里永安她的魂灵！
7、明确问题六：“她穿着新的蓝布衫回来了，我给你买来了！”外貌描写、神态描写、动作描写、语言描写。
“穿着新的蓝布衫”写一人普通妇女的打扮。
“一见面，就将一包书递给我”写她对我的关切、爱护之情。
“高兴”写为我买来了而高兴，可见长妈妈的仁慈、善良。
“哥儿，有画儿的‘三哼经’我给你买来了！”写出了一个淳朴、热心、关爱孩子的阿长。
8、“哥儿”的称呼，有地方特色，但更透着阿长对我的亲热、疼爱之情。“三哼经”的说法非常传神地展现了一个不识字的普通妇女形象。但就是这么一个不识字的人竟给我买到了《山海经》，所以当听了这话时，“似乎遇着了一个霹雳，全体都震悚起来。”就显得真实自然，毫不夸张了。因此这处语言描写生动传神地展现了阿长虽然不识字没文化但却淳朴、热心、关爱孩子的形象特征，非常吻合人物的特点。
这部分围绕阿长的淳朴热心、关爱孩子的性格特点写了阿长给我买《山海经》一事，通过具体的细节描写，生动传神地刻画出了一个善良、仁慈、关爱孩子的长妈妈的高大形象。
9、画出文中表明作者对阿长的感情态度的词句，比较前后有什么变化，这是一种什么写法，有什么好处？
感情变化：讨厌——敬意——憎恶——新的敬意——怀念。
（先抑）（后扬）
提问：文中哪些地方抒写了作者这种怀念之情？有感情地朗读出来。
明确：最后两个自然段，直接抒发了对长妈妈的深切怀念之情。文章最后一句“仁厚黑暗的地母啊，愿在你的怀里永安她的魂灵！”这正是作者深沉怀念的真实写照。
三、质疑问难，合作探究
1、本文的记叙线索是什么？
本文是以作者的思想变化为线索的。
2、为什么文题是“阿长与《山海经》”，而文中却写了几件似和《山海经》无直接联系的事？记叙文的中心是作者通过记叙人和事体现出来的对生活的一定看法。中心思想贯穿着文章始终，是文章的灵魂。作者是根据中心思想来选择材料和安排材料的。
记叙文的详略安排，是根据中心来确定的。对表现中心意思有较大作用的，为了突出重点，就要详细描述；与中心意思有些关系的次要材料就要写得简略些，详略配合得当，才能更好地突出主要人物和主要事件，更好地表达中心意思。略写往往是记叙文中的烘托部分，没有略写，文章内容就会呆板，头绪就会不清，情节就会不连贯。如果说详写是红花，略写就是不可少的绿叶。如文中略写的“我”不大佩服阿长的三件事就起到了丰富文章内容，更全面完整地刻画阿长这个人物形象，增强文章的真实性的作用。
四、拓展延伸
在你的童年生活中，有没有像阿长这样的给你留下深刻印象的普通人，你怎样看待他们，请用一二百字写下来。
五、课堂总结。
1、学生谈收获。
学生总结本节课的收获，可以从描写方法、写作方法、基础知识、情感等方面谈。
2、教师结束语。总观全文，作者先是“不大佩服”，后来发生“新的敬意”，到最后发出深沉的祝福。作者用了先抑后扬的表现手法来刻画阿长这一封建社会的普通劳动妇女形象，刻画出了一个淳朴热情、善良仁慈、关爱小孩的长妈妈形象，抒发了自己对长妈妈的尊敬、感激和思念之情及深深的怀念。
《阿长与〈山海经〉》教学设计 阿长与《山海经》教学设计 学情分析篇十五
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