人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退，写作可以弥补记忆的不足，将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来，也便于保存一份美好的回忆。范文书写有哪些要求呢？我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢？以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文，仅供参考，一起来看看吧
新疆吐鲁番导游词篇一
as we all know, the hottest place in the country is turpan, and the hottestplace in turpan is fangdangtui huoyan mountain. in summer, the highesttemperature of huoyanshan is above 47.8 ℃. in midsummer, when the sun is red,the earth's atmosphere is transpiration and the clouds are shrouded, which isvery spectacular.
the name of huoyanshan → mountain characteristics
tourists, through the window, we can see that the thing in front is like afire dragon lying in the middle of turpan basin. the red mountain isyanshan.
the name of huoyanshan mainly comes from its appearance. look! the bedrockof huoyanshan is exposed, the reddish brown sandstone glows in the hot sun, andthe hot air is rolling up, just like thousands of flames burning. the name of"huoyanshan" comes from this. huoyanshan is called chishi mountain in ancientbooks, and kiziltag in uighur language, which means red mountain. cen shenci, apoet of the tang dynasty, passed through huoyanshan and wrote "the volcanostands out at the mouth of chitingkou, and the fire clouds are thick in may.".the mountains are full of volcanoes and the birds are flying far away. "dare notcome". chen cheng, a traveler in the ming dynasty, once wrote a poem to describeit: "a piece of smoke and a piece of red, burning to the sky. at the end ofspring, it's half as clear as summer. who knows that there is zhu rong in thewest? " it can be called a vivid portrayal of huoyanshan.
huoyanshan is a long and narrow mountain in east-west direction, with atotal length of 98 km and a north-south width of 9 km. the general height isabout 500 meters, and the highest peak is 831.7 meters. despite the fact thatthere is no grass on the surface of huoyan mountain, due to crustal movement andriver cutting, there are many picturesque gullies and canyons hidden in themountain, such as putaogou, tuyugou, taoergou, mumugou, shengjinkou canyon, these valleys, the streams linger, the melons and fruits are fragrant, theflowers and trees are verdant, and the scenery is charming, just like the"flower and fruit dock" scene in "huozhou".
the formation of huoyanshan → the best observation point is shengjinkou
perhaps some tourists will ask: how did the flame mountain form? how manyyears ago? the answer to these two questions can be traced back to 140 millionyears ago. at that time, due to the short and small folds in the front of bogdamountain in the east of tianshan mountain, the crust changed, and after thehimalayan orogeny, the rudiment of the mountains gradually formed. since then,it has experienced a long geological period, spanning several geological periodsof jurassic, cretaceous and tertiary, together with the special climateenvironment, showing the current geological shape.
tourists, the best place to observe the structure of huoyanshan isshengjinkou. please get out of the car and take photos in front of the stonepedestal with the sign of "huoyanshan", and then listen to my explanation.
shengjinkou is 30 kilometers away from turpan city in the west, connectingxinjiang with the mainland of 312 national highway, and crossing the huoyanshanby the mugou river. shengjinkou mountain is a precipitous place for militarystrategists since ancient times. as for the name of shengjinkou, there isanother origin: in the past, the local people called shengjinkou "seepingmouth". that's because after the water from mutugou flowed out of tianshanmountain, it became less and less. when they arrived at the gobi desert nearshengjinkou, the water almost seeped clean, so they called it "seeping mouth".later, people thought the name was not very auspicious, so they changed itshomonym to "shengjinkou", so it has been used to this day.
[story of huoyanshan: myth of journey to the west → uyghur folklore]tourists, huoyanshan is named not only because of its unique appearance andstructure, but also because of its legendary mythology.
journey to the west is one of the stories in which the master andapprentice of tang monks and disciples of the tang dynasty are hindered fromlearning from the buddhist scriptures in huoyan mountain. in the 59th and 60thchapters of journey to the west, "tang sanzang road blocks flame mountain, andsun xinger's three tune banana fan," it is written: "there is a state of sri onthe western road, which is the place where the sun sets. it is commonly called"the end of the sky. ". there is a flame mountain here. it is hot all the yearround. the flame mountain has a flame of 800 li, surrounded by nothing. if youcross the mountain, you will turn your copper skull and iron body into juice. "although this description is exaggerated, the basic characteristics of hotseasons and barren grass are completely consistent with the actual situation ofhuoyanshan. it can be seen that the author did not invent it out of thinair.
in the eyes of the common people, good is the highest beauty, so the endingof the story in huoyanshan is that justice will defeat evil, which has beendescribed in detail in uygur folklore. it is said that a long time ago, therewas a dragon in the depths of tianshan mountain, which ate only boys and local top leader was determined to kill the dragon for the people, so hesent a warrior named hala and zhuo to subdue the dragon. after a thrillingbattle, hara and zhuo beat the dragon with their swords and finally subdued thedragon. after the dragon was injured, it rotated along the mountain, and thewhole mountain was dyed red by blood. therefore, uighur people called thismountain "red mountain".
beautiful legend, profound meaning, reverie. tourists, when we stop andthink about the flame mountain, we will feel that the wonders of flame mountainare not enough, and the story of flame mountain is endless. in order to makesure that you don't have any regrets, the next time you visit the old city ofgaochang and the thousand buddha cave in bozikrik, you have to pass by the flamemountain. therefore, we can fully enjoy the wonderful scenery of the flamemountain from different directions. i hope the trip to flame mountain will leaveyou a good memory.
新疆吐鲁番导游词篇二
dear tourists
xinjiang is the largest grape producing area in china, and also thebirthplace of grape cultivation in china. according to the survey, there aremore than 50 grape varieties in xinjiang. especially in turpan, grapes areplanted everywhere, accounting for more than 90% of the total grape plantingarea in xinjiang, making it a "kingdom of grapes". the grape of turpan evokesour infinite reverie. the wonderful lyrics of "the grapes in turpan are ripe,and anaerhan's heart is drunk" sung among people of all ethnic groups inxinjiang fully express people's admiration for grapes. grape is known as "pearland agate" and has become the symbol of "hometown of melons and fruits" inxinjiang. now let's go to the most beautiful place in turpan, grape valley, toexperience anaerhan's intoxicated mood!
tourists, our car is driving by the flame mountain, and the west end of themountain is the grape valley.
putaogou is a north-south river valley in huoyanshan mountains, with atotal length of 7 km and a maximum width of 2 km. it is full of vineyards,inhabited by uygur, hui, han and other ethnic fruit farmers. if you walk intothe grape valley, you will see the people's canal from tianshan mountain. thewater passes through the valley. the trees are luxuriant, the air is humid, andthe climate is cool and pleasant, which is in sharp contrast to the blazingflame mountain. looking up at the volcano and looking down at the green space,it is really a good place for summer.
vineyard → seedless grapes → raisin drying room now we come to thevineyard. the grapes here are like the green clouds covering the sky and thegreen carpet covering the ground. they are connected by pieces, and the greenshade covers the sun. they are fruitful. the vineyard in the grapevine valleycovers an area of more than 400 hectares. the main varieties are seedless whitegrape, maruki grape, rose red, kashhar, bijiagan, black grape, soso grape, addition, jingzaojing, aimina, seedless purple, seedless red, rose fragranceand other excellent grape varieties are introduced from abroad. its fruit shapeis different, there are spherical, oval, cylindrical, oval, some bright likeagate, some crystal like pearls, and some green as jade. with an annual outputof more than 6000 tons of grapes and more than 300 tons of raisins, it can becalled the "world vineyard".
the outstanding grape in xinjiang is seedless white grape, which is widelyplanted in grape valley. look! the "green pearls" with oval fruit grains andlight yellow green fruit hanging on the grape trellis are seedless. it has thinskin, crisp meat, juicy and sweet taste. the sugar content of the fresh fruit ismore than 24%, which exceeds the sugar content of california grape in the unitedstates and becomes the sweetest grape in the world. because it has no seeds, itis most suitable for drying raisins. after drying, it contains more than 75%sugar, protein, organic acid and other nutrients. it is a good dry fruit withrich nutrition. the seedless raisins, which are crystal clear and jade like, aregreen and bright in color, sweet and sour to eat, and are known as "china greenpearl".
the second largest cultivated area in the grape ditch is maruzi grape. itsfruit is long columnar or spindle shaped, with thin and tough skin, juicy andcrisp flesh, no fragrance, but especially sweet. it is worth mentioning that dueto the unique natural conditions such as low-lying, high temperature, lessprecipitation and strong solar radiation, all grapes in turpan basin are free ofdiseases and pests, let alone spraying pesticides. as a result, xinjiang raisinis famous at home and abroad, becoming a rare natural non-toxic fruit.
tourists, walking in the green corridor, looking at the attractive grapes,it's really very comfortable! just now some tourists asked: how are raisinsmade? look! the flat topped, rectangular, civil structure house in front of usis a drying room specially built for drying raisins. the wall of drying room isa perforated wall made of soil blocks, and the rectangular holes mainly play therole of free ventilation. the door of the drying room is mostly located in thenorth or east, which can reduce the sunlight on the one hand, and on the otherhand, when transporting grapes, if the drying room can't hold for a while, itcan be temporarily placed on the north wall outside the drying room, so that itwon't be exposed to the sunlight for several hours, and the quality of the driedgrapes will not change. in turpan, such air drying houses can be seeneverywhere, but most of them are built on the hillside or on the bank of ditch,where the terrain is open, flat, well ventilated and dry. at this point,tourists may have understood that the method of making raisins in turpan isunique. it is not only different from other countries that use the sun to exposethemselves to the sun, but also not use artificial heating and drying. instead,it is completely dried by the dry and warm climate. in this way, the chlorophyllin the grape fruit is completely preserved, and the grape turns dry green. amongthe raisins with an annual output of about ten thousand tons in the world, itcan also be regarded as an exclusive product.
in addition to raisins, turpan wine is also very famous for its good color,aroma and long brewing history. wang han, a poet of tang dynasty, once wrote apoem praising: "the wine is beautiful, sprinkle the luminous cup. if you want todrink pipa, you will be urged immediately. don't laugh when you are drunk on thebattlefield. how many people have fought in the past the poet's famous linesdescribe the charm of grape wine and the heroic spirit of the general gallopingon the battlefield.
tourists, now we are in the north of putaogou. on a marble tablet in frontof us is written "putaogou" 3. this is the handwriting of peng zhen, formerchairman of the standing committee of the national people's congress. you cantake photos here.
here the water is gurgling and the grape stands are full. we stroll in thegrape corridor, just like enjoying the gardens in the south of the yangtzeriver. we don't know that we are in the flaming mountain in the scorching h the stone bridge and in the grape kingdom, you can see the spring waterseeping from the gravel layer of the cliff, converging into a pool. the fish inthe pool seem to be as happy as the tourists. the fish are happy, the people arehappy, and the spring is clearer.
tourists, now we have a rest in the corridor of grape valley. we all sitaround and enjoy the surrounding landscape. we also taste all kinds of freshgrapes and fruits with different colors, sizes and tastes. we are addicted toeating grapes. by the way, since 1990, the "china silk road turpan grapefestival" has been held in turpan from august 20 to 26 every year. grape inturpan has broken through its own boundaries and become a bridge of culturalexchanges and a link of economic and trade exchanges.
there are also grape museum, wine tasting point, folk museum and othervisiting facilities in the tourist area, as well as uygur folk musicperformances. we will visit them after a short rest.
新疆吐鲁番导游词篇三
dear tourists
when you come to turpan, people can't help but ask: how can there be largeoases in places with extremely dry climate, known as "huozhou" and "fengku"?what's the secret? the secret is the karez group distributed in xinjiang, whichis like the blood of human body, extending to the vast gobi and irrigating alarge area of xinjiang. the wonderful karez is also the most widely distributedin turpan, becoming the spring of life and the source of evergreen, wateringturpan's verdant grapes and sweet melons. now let's visit this world-famousirrigation project.
structure of karez → construction method of karez
tourists, now we come to karez paradise. first of all, please follow me tokarez museum to learn about the construction of karez.
karez is a kind of underground water spanersion project created by theworking people of all ethnic groups living in xinjiang according to the localclimate and hydrological characteristics. there are about 1600 karez inxinjiang, among which turpan is the most concentrated. according to statistics,there are 1158 karez in turpan, with a total length of about 5000 km, which isequivalent to the mileage from urumqi to harbin. karez is one of the greatestunderground water conservancy projects in ancient china. it is called"underground canal" by experts in geography. together with the great wall andbeijing hangzhou grand canal, it is called the three major projects in ancientchina.
you may have heard about karez, but its structure may not be very i'll introduce it to you. karez was called "jingqu" in ancient times, whichmeans "jingxue". it is composed of four parts: vertical shaft, undergroundchannel, open channel and waterlogging dam.
the reason why a large number of karez were built in turpan is inseparablefrom the natural conditions here. first of all, the terrain of turpan basin isvery low, with an area of 2085 square kilometers below sea level. turpan issurrounded by mountains. every year, a large amount of snow on the mountainsmelts and flows into the valley. when the snow water flows through the gobi, itseeps into the ground to form a subsurface flow, which provides a rich source ofwater for karez.
then how is the karez built? please see: the construction method of karezis to find the water source at the snow water undercurrent in the high mountainsand valleys, and then drill a vertical shaft every 20 to 30 meters, the depth ofthe shaft varies from 10 to tens of meters, to gather the groundwater toincrease the water potential, and then according to the terrain, dig anunderground channel at the bottom of the shaft to connect with each well, drainit straight down, and connect it to a distant place oasis, water will be led outfrom the open channel to the ground for irrigation. waterlogging dam is areservoir for regulating water quantity. a karez is generally about 3 km long,and the longest one is usually several karez connected for tens or even hundredsof kilometers, in which there are at least dozens of shafts and more than 300shafts. the shaft in the upstream is relatively deep, up to 100 meters in somecases, and the shaft in the downstream is relatively shallow, generally only afew meters. the function of karez is to avoid water evaporation. this project isa great innovation to adapt to the characteristics of dry climate. what isparticularly praiseworthy is that the local people rely on their hands andsimple tools to dig deep wells and underground canals. the vastness of theproject and the ingenious structure are amazing.
i would like you to recall that when we drove near turpan city, we couldsee piles of round earth bags down the slope on the gobi outside the lush oasis,extending to the oasis in an orderly way. those are the vertical wellheads ofkarez. if you look down from high altitude, those mounds are like necklaces tiedwith pearls, decorating turpan, an ancient but still youthful place.
reasons for the construction of karez → origin of karez tour guide ofxinjiang general situation tour guide of putaogou in turpan tour guide of niyasite
now let's talk about the reasons for the construction of karez. due to thedrought and less rain in xinjiang, the amount of evaporation is large, and thekarez is an underground channel for water delivery, with small evaporation andstable flow, which can be irrigated by gravity all the year round. in addition,the soil here is calcareous clay, so the dug karez is very solid and not easy tocollapse. the temperature of snow water in high mountains is very low, if directirrigation is unfavorable to the growth of crops, while the surface temperaturein turpan is very high, the temperature rises naturally after snow water flowsthrough karez, which is very suitable for watering crops. therefore, in thelong-term struggle against drought, people of all ethnic groups in xinjianginvented this method of digging wells and irrigating fields. a karez is a freshspring that is not dry. it forms the lifeline and lifeline of huozhou, whichmakes xinjiang, a place with little rainfall, accumulate water and become anindispensable spring of life in xinjiang people's life.
there are always three theories about the origin of turpan karez: one isthe theory of guanzhong well canal in han dynasty. this view holds that the"well canal method" invented by people in han dynasty was introduced intoxinjiang and developed into karez now. the second is related to lin zexu. afterlin zexu was exiled to xinjiang in the late qing dynasty, he went through turpanin 1845 and found that it was hot and rainy. so he carefully checked the terrainand water sources, and guided the people of xinjiang to invent this method ofdigging wells and irrigating fields according to their own geographicalcharacteristics. the third view is that karez was first created by the persiansin western asia 2500 years ago and later passed down to xinjiang. of course,these three views need to be verified.
but what i want to tell you is that the distribution of karez on the earthis connected with the silk road, which connects eastern and western have been found in pakistan, iran and along the caspian sea. therefore, itis no exaggeration to say that karez is a pearl in the world cultural today, karez still plays an important role in the agricultural developmentof turpan, xinjiang.
karez open channel → karez culvert
after visiting the karez museum and walking out of the museum, you can seethe clear spring beside the road. this is the pure snow mountain water flowingout of the karez canal. it is crystal clear. if you reach for it, you will feelcool. it's really "crystal clear and cool".
the underdrain of karez can only be seen when you enter the cave. you canonly see the water gurgling in the underdrain, which makes you feel very are thousands of such wells and canals in xinjiang. the total length ofthe underground rivers is twice as long as that of the great wall, and far morethan that of the beijing hangzhou grand canal.
tourists, today's karez is not only an important water conservancyfacility, but also a great cultural landscape for chinese and foreign particular, a folk song and dance performance full of xinjiang uygur strongcustoms in karez paradise will make you feel restless. the bright rhythm, lightmelody and passionate mood make you join them while enjoying. you can't helpsinging and dancing like uygur girls and young men, and feel the pure fun ofthis song and dance hometown.
ladies and gentlemen, the melodious singing in karez paradise has alreadybeen sung. now, please go to enjoy it!
新疆吐鲁番导游词篇四
welcome to turpan. when talking about turpan, people can't help thinking ofwang luobin, the "king of western singing". his "turpan grapes are ripe, andanaerhan's heart is drunk". the beautiful lyrics and moving melody bring us intoa picturesque realm. now let's go into turpan and feel its magic charm together!turpan's geographical characteristics → climate characteristics "the hottest,the lowest, the driest and the sweetest" are people's image description ofturpan, which also accurately summarizes turpan's geographical and climaticcharacteristics. tourists, let's first introduce the geographical location andtopographic features of turpan. turpan is located in the central part ofxinjiang uygur autonomous region, bordering hami in the east, bayinguoleng inthe west and south, 183 km from urumqi in the northwest and changji in thenorth. it is about 300 kilometers long from east to west and 240 kilometers widefrom north to south, covering an area of 64000 square kilometers, accounting for4.2% of the total area of xinjiang. the terrain is characterized by twomountains and one basin, bogda mountain and kuluktag mountain are in the northand south, and turpan basin is in the middle. there are two counties and onecity under its jurisdiction, namely dushan county, toksun county and turpancity. the total population is about 520000. the main ethnic groups are uygur,han, hui, kazak, manchu, russian and so on.
turpan basin is an olive shaped intermountain basin in the east of tianshanmountains. it is surrounded by mountains, high in the north and low in thesouth, wide in the west and narrow in the east. due to the himalayan orogenyabout 30 million years ago, a variety of geological structures and landformshave been formed. in the north there is bogda peak, which is covered with snowall the year round at an altitude of 5445 meters. in the middle there is flamingmountain, which stretches 100 kilometers from east to west. in the flamingmountain, there is a famous grape valley 7 kilometers long. the most peculiar isaiding lake, which is 154 meters below sea level. it is the lowest basin inchina and the second dead sea of jordan, which is 391 meters below sea level thesecond lowest land in the world. turpan basin integrates snow mountains, rivervalleys, sand dunes and lakes, just like a giant landscape painting, which makespeople stop and linger.
because of its unique geographical environment, turpan has become the placewith the highest temperature in summer in china. from june to august every year,the average temperature here ranges from 35 ℃ to 37 ℃, the extreme maximumtemperature reaches 49.6 ℃, and the surface temperature exceeds 70 ℃. therefore,people describe it as "a place where eggs can be baked in sand nest and bigcakes can be baked on stone slab". when our cars travel through the village, wecan also see such a novel phenomenon, that is, every family's bed is placedoutside the house, which is how the local residents spend the hot ore, it is appropriate for people to call turpan "huozhou" since ancienttimes. however, although the absolute temperature here is very high, thetemperature difference between day and night is large. in addition, there areoften strong winds in the basin. even if it is extremely hot during the day,once the sun sets and night falls, the temperature will gradually cool ally in spring and autumn, the temperature difference is more obvious,
just like two seasons, "wearing fur coat in the morning and yarn in theafternoon" is a true portrayal of the climate characteristics of turpanbasin.
turpan is dry and rainless. almost 10 months of the year, there is no rainor snow. the average annual precipitation is 16.6 mm, but the evaporation is ashigh as 3000 mm. the precipitation season is mainly in summer. the climate ofturpan basin is often described as "dry without rain" because of small rainfall,coarse raindrop and short precipitation time. as a part of precipitation,snowfall is rare in turpan basin. the average snowfall in winter is less than2mm. however, the year-round snow on bogda mountain provides endless water forthe basin. by digging the kaner well, the local people lead the melting waterfrom the snow mountain to the ground through the underground flow, irrigate thefertile land, and breed a vibrant desert oasis.
the closed basin, thin cloud cover, strong solar radiation and extremelyhigh temperature form abundant heat resources. in turpan basin, where the sky ishigh and the clouds are light, the annual sunshine hours are more than 3000hours. abundant heat resources provide an ideal environment for the growth ofthermophilic crops such as melons, fruits and cotton. for example, turpan grape,which is famous at home and abroad, has a history of more than 20__ years andhas more than 300 varieties. after testing, the sugar content of turpan grape isas high as 22% - 26%, which is higher than that of california grape (20%) withthe highest sugar content. turpan grape is the sweetest grape in the ts, after introducing the geography of turpan, let's review itshistory
turpan, known as gaochang, xizhou and huozhou in ancient times, became thepolitical, economic and cultural center of the western regions more than 20__years ago in the western han dynasty, and was a famous town on the ancient silkroad. the former state of cheshi, built by local cheshi people, once dominatedhere for a while. in the jin dynasty, it was the location of the capital of thewestern regions, where the "gaochang county" was established. after the fall ofgaochang kingdom, the tang dynasty set up "xizhou" here. in song dynasty, theuighur people moved westward and established the kingdom of gaochang. in yuanand ming dynasties, "huozhou" and "hezhou" were established. zhili hall ofturpan was set up in qing dynasty. turpan county was set up in 1913. in 1985,the county was removed and turpan city was established. turpan was also one ofthe earliest regions in xinjiang to open to the outside world. since the han andtang dynasties, foreign exchanges have been very frequent. businessmen, monksand envoys from the central plains to india, persia and the mediterranean coasthave come in an endless stream, leaving turpan with many beautiful ts, coming to turpan, seem to have read a thick historical picture. thereare the ancient cities of jiaohe and gaochang, which are full of thevicissitudes of war, the exquisite and gorgeous frescoes of bazkrik dry buddhacave, the ancient tombs of astana, which is known as the underground museum, andthe sugong pagoda, which is an ancient building with islamic style. they showpeople the historical features of different times. history has left turpan notonly ruins, but also a long culture. the folk customs here are rich andcolorful, and the people here are enthusiastic and good at singing and at night in turpan hotel grape rack, while tasting fruits, while enjoying"wheat"
the "seraph" party will definitely make you feel relaxed and ts, this is the general situation of turpan. maybe some tourists have tosay that after talking for a long time, i haven't expressed the chinese meaningof "turpan". yes, turpan is a turkic language, which means "rich and fertileplace". after listening to the translation of the name and comparing with theprevious introduction, do you have the same feeling? i hope turpan, a beautifuland rich place, can add more fun to your travel.
2 tour guide to the thousand buddha cave in bozikrik the specialgeographical location of the silk road makes xinjiang an important channel forcultural exchanges between the east and the west. therefore, religious art inxinjiang is very prosperous, and all major religions have a place here. inaddition to islam, nestorianism and manichaeism, buddhism has the mostfar-reaching influence. caves and stone carvings all over xinjiang fully provethis. today we are going to visit is located in the middle of the flame mountaingorge in the baizikrik thousand buddha cave. origin of the name → historicalstatus → general situation of the caves
bozikrik thousand buddha cave, known as "ningrong grottoes" in tangdynasty, is located in mutougou gorge of huoyan mountain, about 60 km northeastof turpan city, only 15 km south of the old city of gaochang. it is one of thelarger and famous buddhist grottoes in xinjiang. bozikrik means "hillside" inuighur and "decorative painting" in turkic.
bozikrik thousand buddha cave was first excavated in the late northern andsouthern dynasties, namely the qushi gaochang state (ad
during the seven centuries of tang, five dynasties, song and yuandynasties, it was one of the buddhist centers in the western regions. gaochanguighur period (9th-13th century a.d.) is the most prosperous period of thegrottoes. therefore, the thousand buddha cave in bozikrik is considered as "themost important, the most abundant, the most complete and the most representativeart treasure house in uighur buddhist art". tourists, now we come to thethousand buddha cave scenic area. there are 83 caves and 77 existing numberedcaves. among them, there are more than 40 caves with residual murals. the totalarea of murals is 1200 square meters. it is the largest number of caves and themost abundant murals in turpan. there are various forms of grottoes, such ashorizontal top straight cave, central pillar cave, square double set cave anddome square cave, and some built temples and buddha platform in the middle ofthe grottoes.
[mural content → jiyue painting in cave 16 → hell change in cave 17 → greatlotus in cave 18 - uighur king in gaochang in cave 20 → manichaeism in cave 38 →small commemorative shadow cave in cave 82 → 83]
walking down the steps at the entrance, we can see more than a dozen cavesopen to tourists. the light in the caves is not very strong, and the mottledpictures on the inner wall of the arch can be seen faintly. each line isdepicted in detail. the ribbons of the characters are very dynamic, but many ofthe characters are incomplete, which is a pity.
the frescoes in the bozikrik grottoes mainly include the "buddha" with alarge-scale portrait of buddha as the center
the purpose of these paintings is to glorify the buddhist dharma forworshiping good men and women. from the 6th century to the 12th century, it hasalways been an important place for buddhism in gaochang kingdom. manyinscriptions in ancient huique script, chinese script and baltic script arestill preserved in the grottoes, which are valuable materials for studyingancient scripts. the architectural style and painting skills of the grottoes arealso of high research value. in 1982, the thousand buddha cave in bozikrik waslisted as a national key cultural relic protection unit.
tourists, let's first visit cave 16. cave 16 was excavated in the middletang dynasty. there is a picture of jiyue in the cave. in the picture,xiaohulei, an ancient musical instrument, appeared for the first time in chinesebuddhist caves. hulei, also known as the dragon head pipa, originated fromnanzhao music of tang dynasty. it is shaped like a pear with a stick, a dragonhead with two strings, a boa skin covering the abdomen, and a sandalwood authentic products are now stored in the palace museum of beijing. next,let's look at caves 17 and 18. these two caves are the earliest in the wholegrottoes group, which were excavated in the late northern and southern dynastiesfrom the 6th to 7th century. let's first take a look at the mural "hell changes"in cave 17, which is very similar to the painting of mani's teaching aidmansion, which is rare in china. there is a big lotus flower in the center ofthe top of cave 18, which is filled with geometric patterns such as triangle andfour leaves in the middle. it is elegant and solemn, with nationalcharacteristics.
next, let's visit cave 20. the murals in the grottoes show images of theuighur king and queen of gaochang. the uighur king of gaochang was wearing alotus petal shaped crown, a round collar wide sleeve robe, a middle belt, blackboots and other daily necessities. the queen is plump, wearing a crown and a redcoat with lapels and narrow sleeves. the color of the portrait is gorgeous, thelines are smooth and the drawing is exquisite. beside the portrait is theinscription of huique. this group of murals is highly artistic and is one of therepresentative works of the whole thousand buddha cave murals. unfortunately,the original mural is on display in the berlin museum in germany, and the colorphotos on display in the cave are based on the original. the frescoes in cave 38are different from those before. they are about ancient manichaeism. there arethree trees in the frescoes behind the grottoes, under which there are manyimages of monks and nuns dressed in white and feathered people with wings, whichshow respect for manichaeism. manichaeism is a religion founded by persian mani,also known as mingjiao, which worships the god of light. from the 9th century tothe 12th century, gaochang uighur kingdom was the center of manichaeism in theworld. manichaeism once became the state religion of gaochang uighur we come to cave 82 and 83, which is under ganfo cave and beside is a small commemorative shadow cave specially built for buddhist eminentmonks during the reign of emperor gaochang in the 10th and 11th centuries a.d. apottery relic box and a gold foil wrapping paper used by buddhists wereunearthed here. the ink mark on it indicates that the gold foil shop was locatedin the south of taihelou street in hangzhou in song dynasty. this gold foilwrapping paper proves that gaochang uighur kingdom had quite close economic andtrade contacts with the song dynasty from the 11th to the 12th century.
tourists, from the murals of the thousand buddha cave in bozikrik, we cansee xinjiang buddhism
the long history of culture makes us have a deeper understanding of thebroad and profound culture of xinjiang. the past of xinjiang is brilliant, andwe believe that the future of xinjiang will be more brilliant.
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