范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?下面是小编帮大家整理的优质范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
whom非限制定语从句 非限制定语从句whom的用法篇一
同位语从句例句
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whose既可引导限制性定语从句,亦可引导非限制性定语从句。下面是小编精心整理的whose非限制定语从句,希望能够帮助到大家。
the boss in whose department mrking worked called at the hospital。金先生工作单位的老板到医院来探视。(限制性定语从句)
the boss of the company,whose name was mr little,told the story。公司的老板叫利特尔,他讲述了这个故事。(非限制性定语从句)
由于whose具有兼作who和 which的所有格的双重功能,故在指人时可用of whom代替whose,指物时可用of which代替whose。
this kind of book is for childrenwhose native language(=the native language of whom)is chinese。这种书是给母语是汉语的儿童看的。
mr brown has written a novelwhose name(=the name of which)i‘vecompletely forgotten。布朗先生写了部小说,其书名我完全忘了。
i live in a room whose window(=the window of which)opens to the south。我住在一间窗户朝南开的屋子里。
按英语习惯用法,下列情况中的whose和of whom或ofwhich切不可混用:
1、凡是ofwhom或of which同数词或代词(如some,many,little等)连用表示部分与整体关系时,通常不可用 whose。
there are 45 students in ourclass,35of whom are league members。我们班有45名学生,其中35名是团员。
mr white wrote many articles,some of which were translated into chinese。怀特先生写了不少文章,其中一些译成了中文。
2、凡是of whom或of which修饰定语从句中的主语,是表示同位关系的代词both,all等时,切不可用whose。
i have two sons,both of whom serve in the army。我有两个儿子,都在部队服役。
he has some novels,all of which are written in russian。他有一些小说,都是用俄文写的。
一、非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。如:
1. i like the book, which was bought yesterday.我喜欢这本书,这是昨买的。
2. i like the book which/that was bought yesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。
二、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。要用for which代替why.如:
1. i had told them the reason, for which i didn’t attend the meeting.
我把理由告诉了他们,为此我不用去开会。
2. i had told them the reason why/for which i didn’t attend the meeting.
我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句“the reason why…”是常见搭配。)
三、非限制性定语从句置于主句前时,不能用which引导;关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以放主句前,也可以放主句后。如:
1. as i expected, he didn’t believe me.正如我所预料的,他不相信我。
2. she heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.
她听到一个可怕的声音,这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。
四、非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时,其中的关系代词不能用as,如:
1. he bought the car for more than $20000, with which his father was angry.
他花2万多美元买了这辆车,他父亲对此很生气。
2. i finished my work ahead of time, after which i sat some time reading the newspaper.
我提前完成了我的活,随后我坐着看了一会儿报纸。
五、非限制性定语从句中指人的关系代词作宾语时,只能用宾格whom, 不能用who替换,也不能省略。如:
1. do you know tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗?我们谈到过他。
2. this book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need.
这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料,它在任何一家书店都能买到。(非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语,无论指人,指事物都不能省略)
which和where都是联系词,但是which是连系代词,where是连系副词.也就是说,which在后面的定语从句中是要做主语或者是宾语的,而where则不能做主语或宾语,记住,是不能.
举例说明it is a good place ,which is the center of our country
这里的which在后面的定语从句中做is的主语,所以如果这里用where的话,它不能做定语从句的主语,这样一来,定语从句中就缺少了主语,这个句子就不成立了
再举例it is a good place ,where i spend my childhood
这里选where是因为,后面的定语从句中,已经不缺主语和宾语了,所以不能用which.
二
除了关系代词that外,所有的关系词都可以引导非限定性定语从句,举例如下:
last night,i saw a very good film,which was about the long march.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影,那是关于长征的.
this letter is from my sister,who is working at a factory now.这封信是我姐姐寄来的,他现在在一家工厂上班.
i paid a visit to compony last month,where my brother are working.上个月我参观了一家公司,我哥哥在那里工作.
my grandpa's childhood is bitter,when he lived a hard life.我祖父的童年是辛酸的,那时候他过着十分艰难的日子.
说到非限定性定语从句的讲解,还要分成不同的部分,首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么。其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分,不会受到主句的'限制,把从句去掉之后,主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次,大家要了解该从句的形式:非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密,因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如:
have you seen the film titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?
你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。
my friend, who has served on the international olympic committee all his life, is retiring next month.
我有位朋友,他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会,下个月就要退休了。
在非限制性定语从句也分成不同的种类,在不同情况下,该从句的使用方法也是不一样的,在考试中经常会考察大家对于该从句不同类型的运用。如果大家不能很好的掌握这些用法,在考试的时候就一定会丢分了,下面就是关于该从句不同类型的介绍:
(1) who引导的非限制性定语从句
our guide,who was a french canadian,was an excellent cook.我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。
my gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果。
(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。如:
peter, whom you met in london, is now back in paris.彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。
mr smith,from whom i have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多东西。
(3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句
whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。如:
the boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。
above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。the play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。
(4) which引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
① which指代主句中的名词,被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如:
these apple trees,which i planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。
she is an artist,which i am not.她是一位艺术家,而我不是。
water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
the two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。
② which指代主句中的形容词。如:
she was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。
she is always careless,which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样。
③ which指代主句中的某个从句。如:
he said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。
④ which指代整个主句。如:
in the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。
he may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲肠炎,如果是这样,他就得动手术。
when deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他经常聚精会神地工作,这时他会废寝忘食。
(5) when引导的非限制性定语从句
关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。如:
he will put off the picnic until may 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号,那时他将有空。
(6) where引导的非限制性定语从句
关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。如:
they went to london,where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦,在那儿呆了六个月的时间。
they reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他们昨天抵达那里, 有一个关于销售的谈判在那儿举行。
(7) as引导的非限制性定语从句
as引出非限定性定语从句时,代替整个主句,对其进行说明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,且引出的从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。 如:
as it known to the united states, mark twain is a great american writer.美国人都知道,马克.吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语)
he forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了带笔,这是常事。(as在从句中作主语)
he is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神贯注地工作,他过去经常这样。(as在从句中作表语)
boy as he was, he was chosen king. 他虽是孩子,却被选为国王。(as在从句中作表语)
as we all know, the earth is round.众所周知,地球是圆的。 (as在从句中作宾语)
the two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对此决定都满意,这项决定在事前都已得到他们的同意。(as在从句中作主语)
taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of china.你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(as在从句中作宾语)
(8)“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词,而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。
they were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿,没有它们产量会减少一半。
they thanked tom,without whose support they would not have succeeded.这些邻居是北京来的,昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。
(9)“名词/代词+of+which / whom”引导的非限制性定语从句
it now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公顷土地,其中三分之二之多已经耕种。
light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometethere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的。
he textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty per cent of whom are women. 这家纺织厂有8千多职工,女职工占百分之八十。
通过对该从句的讲解,大家可以看出,它的种类真的是非常多,不同的词语引导的从句用法都是不同的,大家要学会区分不同用法所表示的含义。虽然该从句在选择题中考察的非常多,但是大家在阅读题中也会看见这样的从句,所以说,大家学习语法知识并不只是为了语法的题目,它对于大家整个英语水平的提升都是非常有帮助的。除此之外大家还要注意一些非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况:
1.非限制性定语从句不可用that引导, 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人,用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物, 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如:
the famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。
the film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.
这部电影很有教育意义, 它的导演是位老人。
2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略,若指人时,只用whom,不用who。例如:
york, which i visited last year, is a nice old city.
我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。
please give the book to jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.
请把这本书交给杰西卡,就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。
3.非限制性定语从句不可用why引导, 需用for which替代why。例如:
none of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.
我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。
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