人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退，写作可以弥补记忆的不足，将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来，也便于保存一份美好的回忆。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢？以下是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，欢迎大家分享阅读。
英美文学资料怎么找 英美文学fiction篇一
2009级师范三班刘静 robinson crusoe is written by defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of english novel and the periodical is the father of the english novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the anglican father is a businessman, doing article influenced the later development of journal articles and e the speech, he was repeatedly the age of 59 defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable on crusoe robinson is defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous is based on a british seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and on is the heroine of defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working novel opens english realistic novel this novel, there are so many about the wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young on crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern most qualities i learn from robinson crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, inspanidualized, and humane portrayal in the english novel, friday has a huge literary and cultural rewritings of the crusoe story, like e’s foe and michel tournier’s friday, emphasize the sad consequences of crusoe’s
failure to understand friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s s his importance to our culture, friday is a key figure within the context of the ’s sincere questions to crusoe about the devil, which crusoe answers only
indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether crusoe’s knowledge of christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to friday’s full
understanding of his own god short, friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of crusoe’s e friday’s subjugation, however, crusoe appreciates friday much more than he would a mere does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves friday, which is a
remarkable may bring friday christianity and clothing, but friday brings crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that crusoe’s own european heart novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is our hands, then see a new is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about brave, and
never lose hope.
英美文学资料怎么找 英美文学fiction篇二
术语解释：
couplets: a rhymed pair of iambic pentameter verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter : 14 iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme conquest: in the year the normans headed by which is mainly about canterbury tales, in chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of boccaccio’s decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were m shakespeare, one of the first founders of the first period of his work shakespeare wrote:
1590the second and third part of king henry vi
1591the first part of king henry vi
1592the life and death of king richard iii;the comedy of errors
1593titus andronicus;the taming of the shrew
1594the two gentlemen of verona;love’s labour’s lost;romeo and juliet
1595the life and death of richard ii;a midsummer night’s dream
***8much ado about nothing;the merry wives of windsor;the life of king henry v
1599the life and death of julius caesar;as you like it
1600twelfth night, or, what you will
in the second period:
1601 1602 troilus and cressida;all’s well that ends well
160416051606antony and cleopatra
1607the tragedy of coriolanus;timon of athens
1608pericles, prince of tyre
in the third period:
1609cymbeline, king of britain
1610the winter’s tale
1612the tempest;the life of king henry viii
be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a die, to sleep, no s bacon is scientist, philosopher, donne, a metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人)
john milton, his paradise lost, which tells how satan rebelled against god and how adam and eve were driven1
out of bunyan, the plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻画人物。
daniel defoe, robinson crusoe, the first english novel, 是一部现实主义小说，作品的主题是通过对主人公鲁滨孙的成功刻画，歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏艰难和困苦，充满野心和冒险精神，富有百折不挠，顽强毅力和斗志，依靠自己的双手改变一切、创造一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of swift, his gulliver’s travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力，通过描写格列佛四次遇险，写出了作者看透了当代的腐败，以讽刺的方法，抨击了当时腐败的社会。attack the britain
parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that tinry fielding is the father of english smith is the first american jefferson is the writer of the declaration of literature of romanticism period is from american war of independence to before the civil ing historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on
depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express
transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验，认为世间万物都是平等的。
henry david thoreau is the beginner of melville, american novelist, proser and dick, in which shows the struggle between
mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.诗歌鉴赏
sonnet 18
shall i compare thee to a summer's day?我能否将你比作夏天？
thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。
rough winds do shake the darling buds of may,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，and summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。
sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空，and often is his gold complexion dimm'd,转眼会云雾迷蒙。
and every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘零，by chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于无常的天命。
but thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新
nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫发无损。
nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁，when in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的诗中长存。
so long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，so long lives this,and this gives life to thee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。
全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。
二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美
sonnet 29
when, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼，i all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘零，and trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天,and look upon my self and curse my fate顾盼着身影，诅咒自己的生辰，wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于希望，featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一样广交游，desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求这人的渊博，那人的内行，with what i most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头；
yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，当我正要这样看轻自己，haply i think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地
from sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱着圣歌在天门：
for thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有，that then i scorn to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。
赏析：对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter）.韵式，即abab
cdcd efef gg。
to a waterfowl《 致 水 鸟 》
-----by william cullen bryant威廉·卡伦·布赖恩特
whither, 'midst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠，while glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空灿烂，白日的行程就要结束；
far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，thy solitary way?你往何方把孤单的前程追逐？
总结：as the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, i wonder where you(waterfowl)are
going?
vainly the fowler's eye看你远远飞翔而无计可施，might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的眼光徒劳眷顾；
as, darkly painted on the crimson sky,满天红霞把你映衬，thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飞舞。
总结：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and t success, a hunter(fowler)might try to
bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening 'st thou the plashy brink你是在寻找开阔的大河之滨，of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？
or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩，on the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？
• 总结：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?
there is a power whose care有上苍把你关照，teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在无路的海岸为你指路，the desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和无边的空际，lone wandering, but not lost.你孤单的飘荡不致迷途。
• 总结：there is a power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of may be wandering and alone, but you are not day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕动翅膀，at that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空气稀薄暴风寒冷，飞在高处，yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒适的大地，though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。
总结：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath soon that toil shall end,你很快就会结束这样的劳苦，soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即将找到你夏天的住处；
and scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼唤自己的伙伴，soon o'er thy sheltered nest.芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。
• 总结：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your your journey will
you will descend to your summer , you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall 'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身躯全被吞没，hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深渊里，你踪影全无；
deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底，and shall not soon depart.我将久久地久久地把它记住。
• 总结:i can no longer see you, but i will never forget the lesson you taught , who, from zone to zone,谁，从一个地方到另一个地方，guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越无限的天空作必然的飞翔，in the long way that i must tread alone,也会在我必须独自跋涉的长途上，will lead my steps aright.正确地引导我的脚步。
赏析：there are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.
英美文学资料怎么找 英美文学fiction篇三
一，中世纪文学（约5世纪---1485）
1.英国最初的文学是口头的。
2.5世纪中叶，盎格鲁，撒克逊，朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。
3.盎格鲁，撒克逊时代最重要的一部古英语文学作品是《贝奥武夫》，它被认为是英国的民族史诗。主题：反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义的封建时期的理想，体现了非基督日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。
4.1066年，威廉公爵率领法国的诺曼底人，征服英格兰。法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。
5.1066年阶段这一时期的文学形式是浪漫传奇。典型是亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。
6.传奇文学（主人公：高贵的骑士的冒险和爱情故事）是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段的一种社会理想的体现。
7.14世纪以后，英语开始恢复使用，杰弗里 乔叟（geoffrey chaucer,1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。他推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。
二：文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期----17世纪初）
1.英国的文艺复兴发生在15世纪末。
2.文艺复兴时期的思想体系是人文主义：以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。
3.该时期典型人物：英国托马斯 莫尔（thomas more，1478--1535），作品《乌托邦》（utopia），内容：社会平等，财产公有，人们和谐相处的理想国。
4.《乌托邦》（utopia）开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河。
5.该时期典型人物：埃德蒙 斯宾塞（edmund spenser,1552--1599）的长诗《仙后》（the faerie queen），主题歌颂女王，宣扬人文主义思想。文学特色：创造了有音乐性的“斯宾塞诗体”（spens—erian）。
6.该时期典型人物：弗兰西斯 培根（francis bacon，1561--1626），散文家，作品是《论说文集》（essays）
7.英国戏剧起源于中世纪教堂的宗教仪式，16世纪末，戏剧进入全盛时期。
8.该时期典型人物：克里斯托佛 马洛（christopher marlowe，1564---1593）创作了新戏剧。主要组品：《帖木儿大帝》（tamburlaine）、《浮士德博士的悲剧》（the tragically history of the life and death of s）、《马耳他岛的犹太人》（the jew of malta），主题：探索精神和极端的个人主义精神。
9.该时期典型人物：英国最杰出的作家是，威廉 莎士比亚（william shakespeare,1564--1616），全部作品：两首长诗，154首十四行诗和38部戏剧。主要剧作有喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》（a midsummer night’s dream）、《威尼斯
商人》（the merchant of venice）；悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（romeo and juliet）、《哈姆雷特》（hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（othello）、《李尔王》（king lear）、《麦克白》（macbeth）；历史剧《亨利四世》（henry iv）；传奇剧《暴风雨》（the tempest）。
10.莎士比亚作品的主题：宣扬了人文主义和个性的解放。展现了封建制度和资本主义制度交替时期的波澜壮阔。
sance is commonly applied to the movement or period in western civilization, which marks the transition from the medieval to the modern lly, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th sance –rebirth.（意大利语：rinascimento，由ri-“重新”和nascere“出生”构成）是一场发生在14世纪中期至16世纪末的文化运动，在中世纪晚期发源于佛罗伦萨，后扩展至欧洲各国。“文艺复兴”只是对这一时期的通称。
12.文艺复兴的社会背景historical background：
new monarchy—the tudor dynasty by henry viii 新君主政体。
reformation宗教改革。
enclosure movement 圈地运动。
commercial expansion 商业扩张。
war with spain 与西班牙之战。
sance in europe 欧洲文艺复兴的影响。
13.文艺复兴的特征features of renaissance：
1.a thirsting for classical literature, greek and latin authors
isfaction at the catholic and feudal ideas
keen interest in humanity
humanism is the idea that man has a potential for culture which distinguishes him from lower orders of beings, and which he should strive constantly to ious spirit against the medieval feudal value and blind faith in humbleness, servitude, and in man’s spaninity and capability of self perfection emphasis of the importance of personal worth and enjoyment of the present life.三，17世纪文学
1.1649年1月国王查理一世被送上断头台。
2.该时期典型人物：约翰 弥尔顿（john milton,1608-1674），在1660年的查理二世复辟时期，主要作品有《失乐园》（paradise lost）和《复乐园》（paradise regained），诗剧《力士参孙》（samson agonistes）。
3.17世纪英国诗歌的另外一支是玄学派诗歌。
该时期典型人物：约翰 邓恩（john donne,1572--1631）和安德鲁 马维尔（andrew marvell，1621--1678）
4.王政复辟时期该时期典型人物：约翰 班扬（john bunyan,1628---1678）,典型
作品是《天路历程》（the pilgrim’s progress）,采用梦幻的形式讲述宗教寓言，展现是17世纪英国社会的一幅现实主义图景。
四，启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期---18世纪中期）
1.1688年“光荣革命”推翻复辟王朝，确定了君主立宪制度，建立了资产阶级和新贵族领导的政权。
2.18世纪初，新古典主义（理性）成为时尚。
3.18世纪英国散文繁荣起来，散文风格基本建立在新古典主义美学原则之上。
4.该时期典型人物：乔纳森 斯威夫特（jonathan swift，1667--1745）是英国文学史上最伟大的讽刺散文作家，主要作品：《格列佛游记》是一部极具魅力的儿童故事。
5.《格列佛游记》可分为小人国，大人国，飞岛国，慧马国的描写，以理性为尺度。
6.塞缪尔 约翰逊（samuel johnson,1709--1784）是18世纪英国人文主义文学作家，在英语词典编撰史上有独特地位；《英语词典》（a dictionary of the english language），这是英语史上第一部也是随后一百年间英国唯一的标准辞书。
7.18世纪被称为“散文世纪”。原因：小说的兴起。
8.18世纪中叶，英国发生了工业革命。英国诗歌开始逐渐摆脱了新古典主义的束缚，理性的优势地位为感情或感受所替代。
五，浪漫主义时期文学（1798--1832）
1.18世纪末，19世纪初，苏格兰农民诗人罗伯特 彭斯（robert burns，1759--1796）。
2.威廉 布莱克（william blake，1757--1827），是版画家兼诗人，他在诗歌中建立起自己一套独特的神话体系，具有神秘主义色彩，布莱克的革命性，独创性和复杂性使他成为浪漫主义诗歌的先驱。
3.1798年，威廉 华兹华斯（william wordsworth，1770--1850）与塞缪尔 泰勒 柯勒律治（samuel taylor coleridge，1772--1834）合作出版了一本小诗集《抒情歌谣集》，这部作品的问世标志着英国浪漫主义文学的真正崛起。
4.浪漫主义是对新古典主义的反拨：诗歌内容不再是对现实的反映或道德说教，而是诗人内心涌出的真实感情。
5.浪漫主义诗人崇尚自然，主张返璞归真。
6.华兹华斯为湖畔派诗人。
7.乔治 戈登 拜伦（george gordon byron，1788--1824）和波西 比希 雪莱（percy bysshe shelley,1792--1822）是革命诗人。
8.雪莱深受柏拉图哲学影响。
9.约翰 济慈（john keats,1795--1821）,是创造艺术美的天才诗人。
六，现实主义时期文学。（19世纪30年代--1918）
1.1837年维多利亚女王（queen victoria, 1819--1901）登基。
2.维多利亚时期英国诗歌表现出注重形式的典雅，对诗艺精益求精。
3.该时期典型作家：简 奥斯丁（jane austen 1775--1817）以女性作家特有的敏锐和细腻刻画英国乡村中产阶级的生活和思想。
4.奥斯丁“一个乡村中的三四户人家是合适的写作对象。”
5.主要作品：《傲慢与偏见》（pride and prejudice）;《爱玛》（emma）。
6.勃朗特三姐妹在19世纪英国文学上很重要，夏洛蒂 勃朗特（charlotte bronte,1816---1855）的《简爱》（jane eyre）受到20世纪女性主义批评家的青睐。艾米丽 勃朗特（emily bronte,1818--1848）的呼啸山庄（wuthering heights）采用了间接叙述手法，具有神秘恐怖色彩。安妮 勃朗特的《阿格尼斯 格雷》。
7.查尔斯 狄更斯(charles dickens, 1812-1870)是19世纪英国最伟大的小说家；代表作品：《雾都孤儿》oliver twist，《大卫科索菲尔》david copperfield, 《远大前程》great expectation, 等都是以孤儿为主人公；《荒凉山庄》bleak house；《双城记》a tale of two cities.8.查尔斯 狄更斯在他的小说中展示了一幅幅维多利亚时期英国社会生活的画卷，是一位具有浪漫，幽默气质的作家。
9.19世纪末，20世纪初，英国不少小说家创作出以“幻灭”为主题的小说。
10.托马斯 哈代(thomas hardy,1840-1920)，他的小说一直以故乡多塞特郡和该郡附近的农村附近作为背景。
11.托马斯 哈代早期作品描写的是英国农村的恬静景象和明朗的田园生活，后期作品是明显变得阴郁低沉，主题都是无法控制的外部力量和内心冲动决定着个人命运，并造成悲剧。
12.托马斯 哈代代表作品：《德伯家的苔丝》tess of the d’ urbervilles；《无名的裘德》(jude the obscure)
13.19世纪末迎来英国戏剧的复兴。
14.王尔德和萧伯纳是戏剧复兴的里程碑，他们的戏剧创作活动使英国剧坛发根本的变化，一改英国戏剧百年不振的局面。
英美文学资料怎么找 英美文学fiction篇四
《英美文学》复习方法
一、找到《英美文学》的辅导书，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通车》等类型的汉语版辅导书。
二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读，理解了全书每个章节的内容和知识点；用汉语记录重点；
三、第一轮复习顺序：
1、先看英国文学，后看美国文学
2、按照时间顺序看，每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品
3、按照课本的章节顺序，看完汉语译文后，对照英语译文，划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题；评论部分是简单题和问答题；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看；记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。
4、按照章节划出重点信息，然后整理笔记；
5、全部整理完毕之后，基本上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。
四、第二轮复习顺序
1、找到历年真题，做题的时候对照答案，寻找该答案在课文原文中的原始线索，并作好整理记录；
2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后，对课本的重点知识就有了比较清楚的理解；
五、考前突击复习
1、依据真题笔记和第二轮复习的笔记，对不熟悉的部分进行重点复习。
2、根据以往考题的研究，旧题还会重新考，所以大家要关注所有做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性知识的部分，这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了，所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点知识网络，所以认真复习真题并理解消化，整理帮助记忆，这对于考试制胜是最好的办法。
*警告：千万不要抛开课本直接做真题；
千万不要死记硬背，而是要在理解的基础上反复读，抄写，默记；反复整理笔记，新的笔记只记录没有掌握好的，直到最后的笔记成为提纲式的。
〈高级英语〉复习方法说明；
一、对照辅导书，精读课文，做课后练习；
二、找来历年考试真题，认真做，查到答案在课本中的相关地方
三、认真复习真题，总结知识点；错题本，反复研究错题
四、回到课本，从头到尾认真阅读课文，全面复习重点知识点；
五、整理真题，再次复习错题；
*高级英语上下册32个单元，复习面积很大，所以必须早动手，狠下功夫。
祝愿大家能够取得优秀的成绩！
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